Unit 1(1.3)- Gene Expression

Question 1

Where can RNA be found?

Answer 1

Nucleus and Cytoplasm.

Question 2

What does a single nucleotide of RNA consist of?

Answer 2

A phosphate, a ribose and a base.

Question 3

What are the four bases of RNA?

Answer 3

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Uracil.

Question 4

How do the bases in RNA pair?

Answer 4

Adenine and Uracil.

Cytosine and Guanine.

Question 5

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 5

mRNA, rRNA and tRNA.

Question 6

What does mRNA do?

Answer 6

Carries the genetic code from DNA polymerase in the nucleus to a ribosome.

Question 7

What does rRNA do?

Answer 7

rRNA carried proteins from the ribosome.

Question 8

What does tRNA do?

Answer 8

Carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome.

Question 9

What are amino acids in terms of proteins?

Answer 9

The “building blocks”

Question 10

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 10

20

Question 11

What are the two processes involved in protein synthesis?

Answer 11

Transcription and Translation.

Question 12

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 12

Nucleus.

Question 13

Describe the process of transcription.

Answer 13

Knowledge.

Question 14

What is a triplet of three bases called on an mRNA strand?

Answer 14

A codon.

Question 15

What is the non-coding region of a gene called?

Answer 15

Intron

Question 16

What is the coding region of a gene called?

Answer 16

Exon

Question 17

What happens to introns during transcription and what is this called?

Answer 17

They are removed and splicing.

Question 18

What happens to the exons after the introns are removed in transcription?

Answer 18

They are joined together to form the mature transcript of mRNA.

Question 19

What are the folds in a tRNA molecule due to?

Answer 19

Some base pairing of nucleotides.

Question 20

What are at both ends of a tRNA molecule?

Answer 20

One end has a triplet of bases called an anticodon.

At the opposite end is a specific amino acid.

Question 21

What are mRNA codons translated into?

Answer 21

A polypeptide chain.

Question 22

What are the first three bases of an mRNA called?

Answer 22

A start codon.

Question 23

What happens when the stop codon is reached in translation?

Answer 23

The ribosome releases the newly synthesised polypeptide chain.

Question 24

What provides energy to the process translation?

Answer 24

ATP

Question 25

What will the sequence of the codons on the mRNA strand determine?

Answer 25

The sequence of the amino acids in the polypeptide that will be synthesised.

Question 26

What are the anticodons on the tRNA complementary to?

Answer 26

The codons on the mRNA strand.

Question 27

What happens after a peptide bond has formed between two adjacent amino acids?

Answer 27

The tRNA molecule is released from, the amino acid and it then leaves the ribosome to go and pick up another one of its specific amino acids from the cytoplasm.

Question 28

What happens to the proteins after translation?

Answer 28

It is modified.

Question 29

What is gene expression controlled by?

Answer 29

Regulating the pr fesses of transcription and translation.

Question 30

What is an organisms phenotype determined by?

Answer 30

The proteins produced as a result of genes being expressed.