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forestry > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

forestry

A

creating, managing, using, and conserving forests in a sustainable manner

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2
Q

natural resource management

A

management- decisions regarding use or not use of resources

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3
Q

arborculture

A

aka urban forestry, management of individual trees

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4
Q

european forestry management

A

protection of royal herds of deer, extraction of wood, recreation

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5
Q

forests

A

ecosystem with a dense and extensive tree cover that varies by species, includes meadows, streams and wildlife
woody and shrubby and herbaceous vegetation can extend vertically a few cm off the ground
absorbs CO2 and emits O2

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6
Q

riparian

A

close to a river or stream

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7
Q

flatwoods

A

found in Florida, soggy

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8
Q

Xeric

A

found in Mexico, and SW US

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9
Q

carbon life force

A

tree mainly responsible for absorbing CO2 bc its a carbon life force, stores C in bark,
helps with dissipating the sunlight on the earth

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10
Q

forests + human usage

A

food and shelter (1/2 of forest consumption=energy)
medicinal, potash for fertilizer, resins, turpentine, pulp for paper, recreational

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11
Q

forest extraction perspective

A

use forest and replace forest with agriculture and other stuff

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12
Q

forest renewability and management perspective

A

managing for forestry, reclaiming land for forests, planted reforestation

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13
Q

Montreal Process

A

conserve biological diversity, maintain productive capacity, maintain forest health, conserve soil and water, maintain contribution to C cycle, maintain socioeconomic benefits, maintain legal policy

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14
Q

rural-urban fringe

A

human development near forests/natural areas ->forest fires

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15
Q

boreal forest location

A

largest, NA, Europe, and Asia; growing season 4 months

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16
Q

boreal vegetation

A

conifers, shrubs, lichens, mosses

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17
Q

temperate forest location

A

Eastern NA, Western and Central Europe, Eastern Asia

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18
Q

temperate forest vegetation

A

productive and dynamic ecosystems, lots of seasonal changes, rich soils, stable precipitation

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19
Q

tropical forest about

A

two seasons, constant temperature throughout the year

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20
Q

transitional zone forests

A

cloud forest- mountains of tropical forest areas
savannas- btwn canopy and desert/prairie
steppe- btwn boreal and temperate

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21
Q

North America

A

ice age coast to coast caused big changes to ecosystems
colonizers started agricultural practices but Europeans came and changed more drastically

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22
Q

Gifford Pinchot

A

first chief of US forest service, championed sustainable management and conservation ethics

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23
Q

John Muir

A

idea of preservation

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24
Q

Bureau of Land Management

A

109 hectares of land, leases out for agriculture, cattle, etc.

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25
Q

US Forest Service

A

78 million hectares of land, does not lease out

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26
Q

SE US trees

A

coniferous, 75% pulpwood, (loblolly, slash, longleaf, maples, oaks, poplar)

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27
Q

northern lake states trees

A

hard woods: beech, paper, birch, sugar maple,
softwoods: fir, white pine, spruce

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28
Q

midwest lake states trees

A

hardwoods: elm, ash, paper birch, sugar maple

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29
Q

central US trees

A

broadleaf and oak,
hardwoods: black cherry, black walnut, oak

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30
Q

ozark trees

A

broadleaf reclaimed from grazing

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31
Q

western US trees

A

rain shadow effect -> red woods and sequoias
dry forests -> bristlecone pine trees

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32
Q

hawaii trees

A

Koa endemic species economically important

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33
Q

Canada trees

A

similar to lake and western US, boreal forests in north
92% of forested land is public control
most harvesting was for building

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34
Q

Mexico trees

A

tropical to subtropical temperate
majority of forest in gov’t hands
most timber harvest remains in country

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35
Q

Central America trees

A

eastern: tropical
western: dry
most were cleared in 1980s for cattle pasture

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36
Q

Costa Rica trees

A

1/2 forested bc of ecotourism -> forests being planted

37
Q

Guatemala and Honduras trees

A

not as successful with tourism, mostly agriculture, forest declining because of wood use

38
Q

Nicaragua trees

A

96% of wood harvested used for cooking, bad roads so cant cut down trees, good tourism so still lots of forests

39
Q

Europe trees

A

temperate and boreal forests, human impact much more intense, WWs greatly impacted forests

40
Q

Asia trees

A

tundra and taiga, temperate, grasslands, tropical,
thousands of years of harvesting depleted forests so now afforestation

41
Q

Africa trees

A

deforestation bc of political instability and population growth
animals species threatened bc of deforestation

42
Q

Oceania

A

variable forests due to variable ecosystem
growing pop=less and less forests= lots of management but still net loss

43
Q

forest products major uses

A

building and burning

44
Q

commodities

A

product with commercial value or product transported

45
Q

roundwood

A

tree stems, with//without bark, delimbed

46
Q

fuelwood

A

wood cut short lengths/chips to generate heat

47
Q

charcoal

A

slowly burning wood in a closed environment

48
Q

round timbers

A

used for poles, posts, etc.
typically chemically treated

49
Q

wood pulp

A

pieces of wood that are used in books, diapers, paper towels, napkins

50
Q

wood flour

A

finely ground wood that has texture of sand and used in explosives

51
Q

paper

A

ream-500 sheets

52
Q

kraft paper

A

high tensile strength

53
Q

coated paper

A

calcium carbonate (magazines)

54
Q

construction paper, newspaper

A

raw paper

55
Q

engineered wood products

A

wood pieces/ wood fibers that have been transformed from original, mixed and coated with special glue then recombined

56
Q

plywood

A

engineered wood made by adhering several layers of veneer together

57
Q

veneer

A

a sheet of wood in uniform thickness that has been peeled, sliced from a wood product

58
Q

particle board

A

engineered wood, group of panel products that includes a large set of wood-based composites made from chips, sawmill shavings, and sawdust

59
Q

oriented strand board (OSB)

A

engineered wood, panel product developed from wood particles

60
Q

hardboard

A

engineered wood, similar to particle board but much denser

61
Q

glulam

A

engineered wood, glue-laminated timber with 2 or more layers of wood glued together with the grain running lengthwise

62
Q

acetic acid

A

making wood glue or plastic bottles

63
Q

acetone

A

a solvent

64
Q

creosote

A

a wood preservative

65
Q

navel stores

A

pitch, resin, tar, turpentine, for caulking

66
Q

tung oil

A

a finishing product that is added to paints, caulks, etc.

67
Q

wood residues

A

stuff leftover from other processes, sawdusts, etc
mulch

68
Q

NTFP (non timber forest products)

A

food and medicinal, wildlife habitat and rangeland resources, recreation, aesthetic values, carbon sink

69
Q

tree crown

A

branches, leaves/ needles

70
Q

DBH

A

diameter @ breast height (4.5 ft off the ground uphill side of the tree)

71
Q

basal area

A

cut tree at DBH and measure surface area

72
Q

circumference

A

pi DBH

73
Q

tree volume

A

DBH x height

74
Q

tree height

A

height is the distance from a place where tree pole meets the ground to the tip of the tree

75
Q

tree age

A

since seed germination, since stump emerged, from planting, when was it tall enough for DBH

76
Q

wood growing perspective

A

total annual wood volume produced

77
Q

ecosystem perspective

A

total annual plant and animal volume produced

78
Q

quality perspective

A

measurements are generally attached to a site/ particular location (site quality/index)

79
Q

qualitative perspective

A

poor, good, excellent

80
Q

pedology

A

study of soils
forest soils facilitate the regulation of water flow, filter and immobilize pollutants, store and cycle nutrients, structure

81
Q

field capacity

A

upper limit of available soil moisture for that soil
more moisture will percolate (downward) / runoff (horizontal)

82
Q

stream sediment

A

natural background input, runoff, and sediment already in system

83
Q

wildlife resources and habitat quality

A

canopy closure, density of large trees, distance to water, ground cover, % canopy of deciduous trees, snag (standing dead trees)

84
Q

rangelands

A

can contain forest, or be a forest, or be where a forest once was

85
Q

fuels

A

wood burns, manmade/natural

86
Q

total fuel level

A

comprise vegetation that would burn under most severe environmental conditions

87
Q

available fuel level

A

consists of vegetation that would actually combust under given condition

88
Q

biodiversity

A

species richness (# of species) and relative abundance (how common species are)

forestry (4 decks)

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