Unit 1 Flashcards
Declaration of Independence
“Certain unalienable rights” = natural rights, “to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men” = social contract “deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed” = popular sovereignty
U.S. Constitution
Established a limited government with key features such as republicanism, federalism, separation of powers, and checks and balances
Natural rights
Fundamental rights of all humans NOT received from a government
Popular sovereignty
People are the source of governmental power and authority
Limited Government
Governmental power is restricted by the law (in the U.S. the Constitutionrestricts the power of the federal government)
Social Contract
People create a government to protect rights of the people
Republicanism
A representative form of government; people choose representatives to make public policy
Participatory Democracy
Contemporary examples:
Emphasizes broad participation and an active role for individual citizens in politics and civil society
Contemp. ex: Occupy Wall Street, March for our Lives, #MeToo, amendments that expanded suffrage
Pluralist Democracy
Contemporary examples:
Group-based activism striving to impact political decision making; individuals become more powerful as part of a group
Cont. ex: Political parties, interest groups
Elite democracy
Emphasizes limited, or filtered, citizen participation in politics and civil society; skeptical of the ability of citizens to make good choices Contemporary examples: Electoral college, congressional representation, iron triangles, Super PACs
Brutus No 1
Power should be held by the people, local governments are more democratic and allow citizens to more directly influence public policy
Federalist No 10
Multiple groups (factions) compete for power. It’s natural for people to form groups, and in a large republic there will be so many groups that no single group will dominate policymaking
Constitution
Limited democracy(only House of Reps was directly elected; established a republic, congressional representation, Electoral College minimize role of the public 1in policymaking
Federalists
Supported the new Constitution, favored stronger central government
Anti-Federalists
Opposed constitution, favored states’ rights; demanded a Bill of Rights
Federalist No. 10
Fear:
Solution:
Federalist No. 10: A republic is superior to democracy because in a democracy, majority factions will tyrannize minorities
Fear: Factions (groups with interests adverse to the rights of others) threaten the stability of the new nation
Solution: A large republic will lead to more factions, diluting the power of each individual faction, diminishing the chance of any single faction to dominatethe government
Brutus No. 1
Fear:
Solution:
BrutusNo. 1Opposed ratifying the ConstitutionFear:Federal government will tax excessively, oppressing the people; federal gov will destroy state governments; elastic clause will give Congress absolute and uncontrollable powerSolution:Small republics, power should be held by people in smaller, more local governments
Articles of Confederation:
Congress could:
Congress can’t:
Congress could:
1.Declare war
2.Make treaties
3.Raise an army
4.Coin & borrow money
Congress can’t:
1. Tax
2. Regulate interstate commerce
Shay’s Rebellion
Weak federal response began shifting public opinion towards favoring a stronger central government and a new Constitution
Great Compromise
Created a bicameral legislature; House—population(favored large states), Senate—2 per state(favored small states); revenue bills would originate in House