Unit 1 Flashcards

Question

Pony Classifications

Answer 1

- Smaller versions of horses - No taller than 14.2 hands or 54" - Used for riding, driving, and pets - Weight ranges from 500 - 900 lbs

Answer 2

- Ranges from 14.2 - 17 hands - Weight from 900-1400 lbs. - Often referred to as "hotblooded" - Typically Fine boned - Known for athleticism

Answer 3

American Saddlebred Thoroughbred Arabian Morgan Appaloosa Quarter Horse American Paint Horse

Answer 4

- "Work Horses" - 17+ hands - 1,400 pounds or more - bigger bodied - Often referred to as cold blooded

Answer 5

Percheron Shire Clydesdale Belgian

Answer 6

- 1,200 - 1,500 lbs. - 63"-68" - Originally a cross between draft and light horse - now own breed - Usually fine boned and taller like a draft

Answer 7

Dutch Warmblood Frisian Hanoverian

Answer 8

Welsh Shetland POA

Answer 9

Developed in the united states Compact, stocky, well muscled Highly versatile riding horse great speed over short distances 2.1 million in the US

Answer 10

Originated in wales Max Hight of 14.2 Small dished faced head with large eye Athletic with elegant movement popular pleasure riding, driving, showing, and jumping.

Answer 11

* Originating in the Shetland Islands * Maximum height of 11.2 hands * Dished face with long, thick manes and tails and double coat * Used for riding and driving * Strongest of all pony breeds

Answer 12

* The Pony of the Americas (POA) is a popular breed, which began in 1954 in Iowa. * The developmental purpose was to provide a pony for young riders who were too big for a small pony but not ready for a full-size horse. * The POA has a good appearance, yet it is rugged and used as an athletic pony. * It also has patience for showmanship and equitation. * The POA has a variety of colorful coat patterns and looks like a small Appaloosas horse.

Answer 13

* Developed in the United States * General purpose riding horse * Stock horse conformation * Two basic color patterns: tobiano and overo * Has special registration qualifications based on color type

Answer 14

* Developed on the Arabian Peninsula * Distinctive head shape and high tail carriage * General purpose horse that excels in endurance riding

Answer 15

* Developed by the Nez Perce people of the Northwest * Distinctive characteristics: mottled skin, eye encircled by white, hooves are narrowly striped vertically in black and white * General purpose riding horse

Answer 16

* Originated in the US * 1789 Stallion, Justin Morgan is considered to be the founding sire to the breed. * The average size of a Morgan today is between 14.2-15.2 hands * Colors: chestnut, bay, or brown, although many black, palomino, buckskin, and even a few grays appear in the breed * Have deep bodies, lovely heads, and straight clean-boned legs * The Morgan is used as a saddle horse, as a stock horse, or for driving. Morgan

Answer 17

* Developed in England * High withered, lean body, with long legs * Typically bay, brown, black, or gray * Bred for agility and speed * The Thoroughbred breed is very protective of genetics and traditional breeding. – Foals born from either artificial insemination or embryo transfer are not eligible for registration.

Answer 18

* Popular breed during the Revolutionary War * Known for its comfortable ride over long distances and its ability to work in a harness. * Acceptable colors for the breed are bay, brown, chestnut, gray, roan, black, and even a golden color. * The American Saddlebred is used as a saddle horse and as a show horse.

Answer 19

* Draft horse that originated in Belgium. * Originally developed to be used in farming * Known for having overall power and strength * Known for having a blonde color, with a light colored main and tail. * Very Heavily muscled. * Primarily used today as a wagon show horse.

Answer 20

* The Clydesdale originated in Scotland. * It is less compact and more rangy than other draft breeds. * Has featherings which are the long hair on its legs. * Colors are black, brown and chestnut with white markings desired on all four legs * The Clydesdale is a now a show horse, yet it was developed for farm work.

Answer 21

* Exact Origin has been lost over time. * Typically black or gray. – Although it is common to see a horse that is born black, fade overtime to grey and eventually to white. * Has a clean head and neck and expresses extra-heavy muscling in the thighs. * Now very popularly used as a show and wagon horse.

Answer 22

* Originated in the “Shires” of England * It stands up to 19 hands, and may be bay, brown, black or grey in color and has feathering on the legs. * Like other drafts, was once used for war horses and agriculture purposes * Now used as a Show horse.

Answer 23

* Developed in the Netherlands * Warmblood type – cross of light and draft horse * Excel in dressage and jumping

Answer 24

* Developed in the Netherlands * Black horses with long, thick, wavy manes and tails, and feathers on lower legs * High-stepping trot * Used in harness and dressage

Answer 25

* Developed in Germany * Warmblood * Popular Olympic mount * Used for dressage, jumping, and eventing

Answer 26

Behavior Appearance Vital Signs Weight Height

Answer 27

Most important clue to health/ illness Off feed, Isolation, Depression

Answer 28

Swelling, Inflammation, Wounds

Answer 29

Temperature Heart Rate Respiration Rate Mucous Membranes Hydration Gut sounds - Manure - Urine - Nasal discharge - Cough

Answer 30

Measures amount of body fat Scale from 1-9 Ideal BCS for most horses 5-6 Ideal BCS for broodmares 6-7 >7 BCS may be at greater risk of metabolic disorders Simple repeatable, consistent method - Fat laid down in predictable patterns - Organs - Behind the shoulder - Ribs - Tail head - Back/loin - Withers - Neck

Answer 31

99.5 - 101.5 Increases with exercise, excitement, environmental temp, infection, stress Fever Upper respiratory infection Rhino Fever - Mild: 101.5 - 102.5 - Mod: 102.5 - 104 - High 104 - 106 - Above 106 - Immediate attention, possible neurological damage. - Low temp - indicator of shock

Answer 32

>103 = treat - Give Antipyretics: Phenylbutazone, Flunixix Meglumine - Prescription Drugs (Vet) Recheck temp every 12 hours Repeat until fever is normal for 3 days without antipyretic Do not stress Return to work (3 days after temp is normal and without antipyretic) Keep a written record.

Answer 33

- Varies with age - Normal:24-36 BPM - Newborn 80-120 bpm - Foals: 60-80 - Yearlings: 40-60 Calm, Relaxed, resting HR increases with exercise - Fright - Excitement - Environmental temp - Stress Taking a horse's pulse - Practice - Fingers against artery - not vein - Throb is contraction of the heart Locations - Facial - Ocular - Digital

Answer 34

Normal: 8-16 Breather per minute - Nostrils flare - Flanks rise and fall - Listen - wheezing, rattling

Answer 35

* Similar occupational induced Asma in people * Airway constriction * Cause – dust, mold, possible genetic, not contagious * Exhale – noticed most * Cough * Heave Line * Thickening of ridge of abdominal muscles * Mild – managed * Chronic, severe – weight loss

Answer 36

* Skin Tent * Slow * Loss of moisture on mucous membranes * Dull, sunken eyes

Answer 37

* Color – healthy, pink * gums, nostrils, conjunctiva (around eyes) * Red – illness * Pale – anemia (low red blood cell count) * Bluish – lack of circulation, shock * Shock (insufficient blood flow throughout the body). * Yellow – jaundice (liver dysfunction)

Answer 38

Capillary refill time * Press and release gum tissue * Return in 2 sec. * Delayed – dehydration, circulatory problems

Answer 39

Pale in yellow color - Normal Dark yellow - Restricted water or excessive sweating Orange/red - Urine is oxidized which turns it red, mistaken for blood Cloudy/Milky - Urine absorbs calcium & excreted in the urine Foamy - acts as a lubricant to prevent stones Smelly - excessive protein excreted in urine can increase odor

Answer 40

* Consistency * Fecal balls well formed * Not too hard or soft * Know normal * Loose stools –sickness * Diarrhea – dehydration * Problem for young foals * every two hours *increases with excitement *Less frequent/absent *impaction, Colic, Dehydration

Answer 41

* Ear on flank * Noises are normal * Contraction and relaxation of GI tract * Absence – not good

Answer 42

Contactual Ingestive Eliminative Epimeletic Sexual Investigative Agonistic Dominance/Submission Allelomimetic

Answer 43

(Horses instinct to herd) Behavior related to Seeking affection and or protection Not as Highly developed in horses as other species

Answer 44

(Grazing, small amount of food over several intervals) Taking of food or water into the digestive tract Subject to overeating-founder-inflammation of the sensitive lamina abnormal behavior - Chewing wood, trees, tails (Choke) 60% of day grazing - grain in small meals avoid - - cribbing, weaving, pacing

Answer 45

Behavioral activities associated with defecation and urination - Interrupt most any behaviors to urinate or defecate - Will establish an elimination area in the pasture - Pasture Management - Rotation, Dragging, Mowing - Trailering, Stress - Coprophagy - Eating of manure - New born foals only - adds microbes -Horse show, Stress

Answer 46

The giving of care and attention between horses - Head to tail - fighting flies - Scratching each others neck/withers - Management - grooming - bond ET - Epimeletic behavior - Separation of pair bonded horses - weaning - Major issues

Answer 47

All acts associated with the ultimate fertilization process - Stallion, fertile after12 months - generally wait till 3 years - Vocalizing, nipping, pushing agented mare, flehmen response. - Mare, 12-15 months fertile - wait till 3 years old - Vocalizing, urinating, winking w/ vulva, standing for mount

Answer 48

Behavioral activities associated with curiosity or the exploration of surroundings or objects Sensory inspection of environment - Sight, touch, smell, sound, and taste Very excitable during process

Answer 49

Behavior associated with conflict or fighting, including anger ,aggression, submission, and flight - biting, pinned ears, kicking, striking, foal opening mouth, moving away

Answer 50

Behavioral activities often referred to as "pecking order" Agnostic behavior - result of a highly developed dominance hierarchies Established through aggression Threat of aggression - pin ears, bare teeth, sudden movement, twitch tail Linear hierarchy for the most part Assert dominance by moving another horse when they don't want to be moved