Unit 1 Flashcards
interactions of atoms in a covalent bond
The atoms mutually share electrons
the charge of an oxygen atom in a water molecule
negative
the basic unit of matter
atom
the charge of an electron
negative
the particle with no charge
neutron
How are ionic bonds formed
when one atom gives up an electron and another atom receives it
Why can water have no net charge but have slight charges in different parts of the molecule?
The oxygen is slightly negative and the hydrogen is slightly positive
Why does Gatorade dissolve in water
Water can form hydrogen bonds with many molecules, including Gatorade molecules because they are both polar
The tree types of bonds: Strongest to Weakest
- Covalent
- Ionic
- Hydrogen
The bond that makes water molecules attracted to water molecules
hydrogen
What is found in the nucleus of an atom
protons and neutrons
The chemicals that all living things need to survive
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur (CHNOPS)
How do covalent bonds form
When they mutually share electrons
5 characteristics of life
Growth
homeostasis
reproduction
obtain and use energy
response to stimuli
What is the scientific method
- Identify the Problem
- Make Observations
- Make a Prediction-Hypothesis
- Design the Experiment
- Collect and Organize Data
- Make Conclusions
Approach to ethical decision-making:
Ends-based: Good for the greatest number
Rule-based: Live by a moral or religious code or
law
Care-based: Golden rule “Treat others the way
you want to be treated”
Charges of atoms
Protons - positive
neutrons - neutral
electrons - negative
charges of the atoms in water molecules
Water has two hydrogen which are slightly positive and the oxygen is slightly negative
How do hydrogen bonds form
It forms when two water molecules interact where a negative oxygen atom attracts to the other molecule’s positive hydrogen atom
Why is water the universal solvent
Can provide an environment in which reactions can occur
while it uses its properties to separate ionic substances into ions
Energetics definition
Energetics is the attractive forces between atoms
Or molecules.
Entropy definition
How molecules and atoms can be arranged based
on random motion
Polarity definition:
When the oxygen end is slightly negative and the hydrogen end is slightly positive
Independent variable
Variable that is purposely changed to test a hypothesis.
