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US History > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who were the earliest/ first Americans?

A

paleo Indians

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2
Q

What is Beringia? How was it exposed?

A

The land bridge allowed passage from Asia to Alaska and southward. Condensation from the sea to precipitation on land.

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3
Q

What covered most of North America? During ice age

A

Glaciers

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4
Q

Worldwide sea levels …..

A

lowered nearly 300 ft because of precipitation (condensation from the sea to precipitation on land)

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5
Q

What traveled across the Beringia?

A

Paleo Americans which followed mammoths and Bison (The animals traveled for food)

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6
Q

Who discovered newfound land

A

Vikings

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7
Q

In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean and found

A

san SalvadorandHispaniola

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8
Q

In 1607 England founded

A

Jamestown

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9
Q

When North America started expanding with multiple cultures, you started to see?

A

Diversity- people with different colored skin, variety of lifeways, 1000s of different languages,

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10
Q

What were the most populous cities?

A

Mexico City area and central Meso America

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11
Q

In North America, what 3 cultures/areas (geographically) rose to dominance?

A
  1. deserts of the Southwest
  2. Along the fertile banks of the Mississippi River
  3. Woodlands of the east coast
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12
Q

What is Egalitarian government?

A

equal people, no kings or chiefs (they have smaller, hunter-gatherer groups)

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13
Q

who were the cliff dwellers of the southwest

A

The Puebla - Hohokam culture. They ran a egalitarian (equal gov) government. (smaller group of people). They were architechs and built their homes out of adobe mud or stone and cut into cliffs.

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14
Q

Who were the mound builders of the Mississippi river valley

A

The Mississippian culture.
they built the first Metropolis, Cahokia (present day st Louis)
Monarchy - had a king
they built earth mounds for burial and set up trade-work

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15
Q

Who was the woodlandtradition of the North east

A

the Adena-hopewell culture
Tribal form of democracy (similar to democracy))
used echaustive agriculture (kept moving bc they usedall the nutrients from the soil.
they had no land ownership-only used it

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16
Q

Who was the Iroquois?

A

most populous and powerful of all groups on the eastern seaboard

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17
Q

What was the Iroquois alliance?

A

Alliance between MOOCS (Mohawk, Oneida Onondaga, Cayuga, Senecas ) to make up the iroquois tribe.

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18
Q

the iroquois considered themselves as

A

Ganonsyoni

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19
Q

Who ran the Iroquois?

A

Women. They ran all the houses fields, they chose cheifs.

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20
Q

What caused a culture clash?

A

Not all indians are alike, different cultures, diff customs. native americans were diff form Europeans.

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21
Q

What was Europes motivation for exploring

A

the 3 G’s
Gold = getting wealthy from the lad they discover
Glory = finding new trade route and land
God = spread of religion

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22
Q

What were the 3 worlds

A

old world of america
old world of Europe
old world of Africa

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23
Q

Why did Europe have to find new trade routes by sea?

A

Mongols and Muslims didnt want trade in their land anymore

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24
Q

What did Portugal help do for Europe?

A

Since Europe lost its trade route through Asia Portugal led the way to discovering a new route (around africa) but they found slaves and they got rich

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25
Q

How did Portugal beat the wind in the ocean currents going around Africa

A

They used a zig zag meathod against the wind to sail along Africa

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26
Q

When Spain/Coloumbus set out to find the western route to Asia where did he land?

A

Hispaniola and he found the cuban area where he enslaved the Arawaks and Kidnapped them. he brought them diseases.

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27
Q

What did Europeans use native Americans as

A

Field workers

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28
Q

the evslavement of africans started due to the need for of what crops

A
  1. coffee
  2. sugar cane
  3. tobacco
  4. cotton
  5. coca beans
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29
Q

How were slaves treated as a subhuman?

A

they were denied
education
marraige
parenthood

30
Q

How did the salves get to the Americas

A

they were captured from their homes and put on a baot haul and were forced to stay in there for 6 weeks

31
Q

When was jamestown founded

A

1607 it was the 1st colony

32
Q

What did spain claim

A

most of central and south america
claimed the southern portion of North America

33
Q

What did spain build after they claimed their states

A

they built Missions (for religion) and presidios (defense and trade)

34
Q

Who did france establish trade with?

A

indians (fur)

35
Q

Where did france settle?

A

st. lawerance area

36
Q

by 1700’s france controlled what

A

interior of North america

37
Q

Why was jamestwon founded?

A

it was founded in the colonies to make money for london Co

38
Q

how long did you have to be taught in order to run your own tobacco farm

A

5-7 years for 50 acres

39
Q

1619: 1st colonial legislature in Virginia ran by elected representatives

A

The house of Burgesses

40
Q

The northern colonies incude?

A

new hampshire, massachusetts, connecticut, and Rhode island

41
Q

Who did the Northern colonies belong to?

A

new england

42
Q

who were the settlers of the Northern colonies

A

The puritan stronghold
mostly christian protestant immigrants from new england
their economy was fishing, lumbering, shipbuilding, fur trade. Wrote the forst consitution

43
Q

Who were the settlers of Middle colonies

A

the farmland
the settlers were Norther europeans
economy: wheat, eye, pork, and beed

44
Q

Who were the settlers of Southern colonies

A

they were fortune hunters and only wanted money turned servents into slaves and grew tobacco, rice , and indigo

45
Q

How were the native Americans threatened by the Europeans

A

Europeans made it hard for native Americans to live because they started taking their land (destroying their sacred sites, food sources), they brought more diseases and competed between hunting grounds.

46
Q

What|was|the|king|philips|war

A

Their was once peace between the English and native americans (with a peace treaty signed ) once more Puritans arrived and English wanting land. The English and Metacom signed another peace agreement. later, when the Wampanoag warriors were accused of murder of an English man, Metacom attached the english in Massachusetts. The colonist then attacked the natives villages. This turned into a war against the Natives and the colonist just wanted their land . Eventually the colonist outnumbered the Natives

47
Q

What was Nathaniel bacon’s rebellion

A

It all started when Nathaniel wanted to move West for his plantation but Berkley (the governer) said no beucase he made a deal with the native americans that they wouldnt move west if the native americans gave them land. People followed bacons move to try and settle in the west but they got attacked by the native americans. bacon started raiding native villages and he also demanded Berkley (HOB) to let bacon attack the natives more. When Berkley said no, bacon raided Jamestown

48
Q

What was the great awakening

A

A movement to revive people’s religious faith and encouraged self government (independence)

49
Q

Who won the french and indian war?

A

after 7 years the British won the war
The british gained all of the land east of the Mississippi River, florida, and canada

50
Q

What was the french allowed to keep from the war

A

islands from gulf of st Lawerance and islands from the carribiean

51
Q

What was the proclimation of 1763

A

The war ended with the proclamation saying colonists are not allowed west of the Appalachian mountains. They did this because the British government was too much in debt and they did not want any conflict to occur if the colonist continue living in the west.

52
Q

Why did Britain add the sugar ad stamp act and why was it unfair?

A

After getting in debt from the french and indian war the British raised taxes on Sugar and stamps. They taxed all sugar and Molasses and every time you had an offical document, newspaper, letter, or book you had to get every page stamped. The colonist said that it was unfair to have these acts becuase it was imposed form the British government where they had to represent.

53
Q

Who were the sons of liberty?

A

A group of people that came together after the stamp act whose pourpose was to defend the rights of the american colonists and fight against british taxation. The leader was Sammuel Adams. They used a lot of physcial violence. They burned ships and boomed buildings.

54
Q

Describe the boston massacure

A

the boston Massacre happened when England sent troops to maintain order in Boston to make sure taxes were being paid. On march 5th a crowd of upset colonists gathered in front of the troops. After the crowd was calling out threats the troops starting firing at the colonist. They killed 5 colonist.

55
Q

Describe the Boston tea party

A

Britian made the colonist only buy tea from the East India Co. The cost that tea was low but the cost of the tea people actually wanted was very high. The Sons of Liberty threw 342 chests of tea into the Boston harbor dressed as Indians.

56
Q

What were the intolerable acts

A

The Intolerable acts were a punishment for the colonists after the Boston Tea party. The acts included; the Boston harbor being shut down until the colonist payed for the tea they threw, the massachusetts colonists were forbidden to meet more then once a year so no riots formed, and colonist had to provide troops with housing

57
Q

In the 1st continental congress, did they ask for independence?

A

no, in the second one they did

58
Q

How did the revolution begin

A

with the continental congress meeting

59
Q

The parliment ordered Thomas gage to do what

A

Stop the rebellion
GAGE WAS PART OF THE BRITISH

60
Q

The parliament ordered Thomas gage to do what

A

Stop the rebellion
GAGE WAS PART OF THE BRITISH

61
Q

What was Paul Reveres job

A

to warn the people in lexington that the British were coming and to hide all the weapons

62
Q

“The shot heard …

A

Around the world” begins war

63
Q

What did happened at the 2nd continental congress?

A

they made the olive branch petiton and created a army from farmers and merchants

64
Q

what is the olive branch petition

A

restating peace and loyalty from the colonist to the king as long as he respects the colonist and also stating they did not want independence

65
Q

What is the olive branch petition

A

restating peace and loyalty from the colonist to the king as long as he respects the colonist and also stating they did not want independence

66
Q

What did Thomas paine write

A

Common sense saying colonist shoud form its own gov.

67
Q

How long did it take to write the declaration of independence?

A

3 days

68
Q

What were the 3 parts to the Dec of Independence?

A
  1. What a good gov should do
  2. 27 reasons for separation
  3. A declaration of independence
69
Q

Who wrote the dec of independence

A

Thomas jefferson

70
Q

When was the Dec of Ind. passed

A

July 2nd

71
Q

When was the dec of ind adopted by congress

A

July 4th

72
Q

In 1783 what was signed?

A

the treaty of paris and colonies win independence

US History (8 decks)

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