Unit 05: Anemia Flashcards
what is anemia
- refers to a decrease in number of red blood cells or quantity of hemoglobin in the blood
what is aplastic anemia
results in deficiencies in RBCs, white blood cels and paltelets
what is the aim on anemia therapy?
- provide components for RBC and hemoglobin production and maintenance and/or to stimulate bone marrow formulation of new blood cells
what can be applied to treat most common anemias?
essential nutrients and growth facotrs
- iron is an essential nutrient that forms complexes w/ oxygen and hemoglobin and myoglobin which facilitate the transport of oxygen
- use iron for treatment or prevention of anemiz disorders that are associate with iron deficiency
what are Iron therapies used for?
- treat chronic blood loss in adults, preention of newborn iron deficiencies, anemia from chronic renal failure and inadequate iron absorption from GI tract
how is iron therapy administered?
oral and parenteral administration
- oral admin invoved ferrous salts
- intravenous therapy of iron dextran cna also be used
relationship between vitamin B12 and anemia
- anemia can occur when not enough RBC are produced bc of a vit B12 deficiency or folate (either through low dietary intake, inadequate absorption, disease or drug use)
- FOlic acid and vit B12 (cyanocobalamin) can be administered alone or in multivitamin preparations to raise vitamin levels
- most administered orally but some available as inejctions
Erythropoeitin
aka EPO, Epogen, procrit
- glycoprotein hormone produced by kidney in response to hypoxia
- drug is prepared by recombinant technology and is denoted as rHuEPO
- r= recombinant, H= human and EPO = erythropoietin
*stimulates protliferation and differentiation of red blood cell progenitors and release of reticulocytes (immature RBCs)
when is RhuEPO primarily used?
- chronic cases os anemia due to reduced EPO production in CRF patients
- hormone has also been used to treat anemia caused by other conditions or diseases such as AIDS, cancers and elective surgeries
- following treatment an increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin can be seen within 2-6 weeks
what is typically used in combination with EPO therapy
iron supplementation
what are the adverse effects of EPO therapy
hypertension and thrombosis due to increase in RBCs
how does somebody get aplastic anemia
can be inherited or acquired through chemotherapy treatment, viral ifnections like HIV or certain mediactions like chloramphenicol
what if Filgrastim?
aka neuprogen
- granulocyte colony stimulating factor analoge (rHuG-CSF)
- can be used to treat aplastic anemia and/or patients with neutropenia
- unlike rHYEPO, rHuG-CSF stimulates proliferation and differentiation or myeloid progenitor cells which form neutrophils
- activates polymorphonuclear leukocytes and increases theri life span in circulation while also mobilzing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in circulation
- by increasing HSC mobilization in the blood before colelction from a donor or a patient
why is filgrastim prescribed following high dsoe chemotherapy
- increases HSC mobilization in blood before collection from a donor ot patient
- it imporves cell engraftment and time to recoevery in patients receiving blood transfusions following high dose chemo
- also indicated for chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (low number of neutrophils) because it ameliorates myelosuppression of neutrophils.
what is Oprelvekin?
aka Neumega
- recombinant interleukin eleven (IL-11) frowth factor
- can be sued to treat anemia by sitmualting HSC production and megakaryocyte progenitor cells, which upon maturation produce platelets
- drug used to treat thrombocytopenia which involves a ddecrease in platelets
