Unit 02 Test

Question 1

City-state

Answer 1

A city that controls itself and its surrounding territory

Question 2

Peninsula

Answer 2

A body of land surrounded by water on three sides

Question 3

Colony

Answer 3

A territory under the political and economic control of another state, often responsible for sending resources back to that state

Question 4

Monarch

Answer 4

A government in which the ruling power is in the hands of a single King or Queen who obtained that power through birth

Question 5

Oligarchy

Answer 5

A government in which the ruling power is in the hands of a few people

Question 6

Dictatorship

Answer 6

A government in which the ruling power is in the hands of one person who rules by force

Question 7

Aristocrat

Answer 7

A member of the wealthy, land owning class within a society

Question 8

Tyranny

Answer 8

A government in which absolute ruling power is held by a person who is not a lawful king

Question 9

Direct Democracy

Answer 9

A government in which power is held by the people. People vote directly on the laws and decisions of government.

Question 10

Representative Democracy

Answer 10

A government in which power is held by the people. People vote for representatives who will then run the government on their behalf.

Question 11

Legislative Branch

Answer 11

Makes laws

Question 12

Executive Branch

Answer 12

Enforces laws

Question 13

Judicial Branch

Answer 13

Interprets laws

Question 14

Jury

Answer 14

A group of people who hear court cases and determine the guilt or innocence of a person accused of a crime

Question 15

Veto

Answer 15

To refuse to approve proposed laws of the legislative branch

Question 16

Treatment of Women in Ancient Athens

Answer 16

• Couldn’t vote or participate in government
• Did not receive formal education
• Could not own property or money
• Could not go in public alone

Question 17

Treatment of Women in Ancient Sparta

Answer 17

• Couldn’t vote or participate in government.
• Received education in self defense and combat
• Could own some property and money
• Acted as head of household when husband was away at war

Question 18

Structure of government in Ancient Athens

Answer 18

• Assembly - Created laws, votes by every citizen in Athens
• Council of 500 - Conducted daily business, consisted of 500 randomly selected citizens
• The Courts - Heard court cases, consisted of 500 randomly selected citizens

Question 19

Structure of government in Ancient Sparta

Answer 19

• Assembly - Consisted of all citizens but largely had no power
• Council of Elders - Consisted of 28 members who determined what laws could be voted on and could also veto laws
• Two Kings - Members of the Council of Elders. Largely powerless other than being able to vote with the other 28 members of the Council.

Question 20

Structure of government in modern day United States

Answer 20

• Legislative Branch - Consists of Congress, which is broken up into two parts (Senate and House of Representatives). In charge of creating laws.
• Executive Branch - Consists of multiple departments and agencies but is led by the President of the United States. Responsible for enforcing laws.
• Judicial Branch - Consists of Courts, with the most important being the Supreme Court. Hears court cases and interprets laws.