Unit 02 - La Escuela (School) Grammar Flashcards
All Spanish nouns have gender.
What is gender in relation to Spanish nouns?
Gender in the Spanish language refers to whether the noun is masculine (male) or feminine (female).
What is the usual ending for singular masculine nouns?
Singular masculine nouns usually end in -o *
-o
Examples:
el libro (the book)
el niño (the little boy)
*note, there are exceptions to this!
What is the usual ending for singular feminine nouns?
Singular feminine nouns usually end in -a *
-a
Examples:
la casa (the house)
la niña (the little girl)
*note, there are exceptions to this!
What is the usual ending for plural masculine nouns?
Plural masculine nouns usually end in -os *
-os
Examples:
los libros (the books)
los niños (the little boys)
*note, there are exceptions to this!
What is the usual ending for plural feminine nouns?
Plural feminine nouns usually end in -as *
-as
Examples:
las casas (the houses)
las niñas (the little girls)
*note, there are exceptions to this!
What is the plural form of this word?
el
los
What is the plural form of this word?
la
las
What is the plural form of this word?
el perro
los perros *
* General Rule: Add -s to nouns ending in an unstressed vowel.
What is the plural form of this word?
la puerta
las puertas *
* General Rule: Add -s to nouns ending in an unstressed vowel.
What is the plural form of this word?
el animal
los animales *
* General Rule: Add -es to nouns ending in a consonant.
What is the plural form of this word?
el rey
los reyes *
* General Rule: Add -es to nouns ending in a consonant.
What is the plural form of this word?
la luz
las luces *
* General Rule: When nounds end in -z, drop the z and add -ces.
What is the plural form of this word?
el lápiz
los lápices *
* General Rule: When nounds end in -z, drop the z and add -ces.
What is the plural form of this word?
el mes
los meses *
* General Rule: For single-syllable words ending in -s, add -es.
What is the plural form of this word?
la tos
las toses *
* General Rule: For single-syllable words ending in -s, add -es.
What is the plural form of this word?
el jueves
los jueves *
There are times when the noun form does not change when it is plural. Days of the week follow this pattern. This is because the word already ends in -s or -es. The los before the noun indicates it is plural.
What article comes before this word?
___ mapa
el mapa *
* Note: this is an exception to the rule that masculine nouns end in -o. The word mapa is masculine, even though it ends in -a. Masculine nouns need the article el or los.
What article comes before this word?
___ mano
la mano *
* Note: this is an exception to the rule that feminine nouns end in -a. The word mano is feminine, even though it ends in -o. Feminine nouns need the article la or las.
What is a definite article?
Definite articles refer to specific nouns. In the English language there is only one definite article: the word the.
Examples:
- the* dog
- the* dogs
- the* house
- the* houses
What are the four Spanish definite articles?
el, la, los, las
el - singular, masculine as in el perro (the dog).
la - singular, feminine as in la casa (the house).
los - plural, masculine as in los perros (the dogs).
las - plural, feminine as in las casas (the houses).
What is an indefinite article?
Indefinite articles refer to non-specific nouns. In English we have three words for this: a, an, and some.
Examples:
a book (not a specific book)
an owl (not a specific owl)
some candies (not specific candies).
What are the four Spanish indefinite articles?
un, una, unos, unas
un - singular, masculine as in un perro (a dog).
una - singular, feminine as in una casa (a house).
unos - plural, masculine as in unos perros (some dogs).
unas - plural, feminine as in unas casas (some houses).
What definite article correctly fills the blank?
___ mochila
la mochila
What definite article correctly fills the blank?
___ mochilas
las mochilas
What definite article correctly fills the blank?
___ cuaderno
el cuaderno
What definite article correctly fills the blank?
___ cuadernos
los cuadernos
What indefinite article correctly fills the blank?
___ mochila
una mochila
What indefinite article correctly fills the blank?
___ mochilas
unas mochilas
What indefinite article correctly fills the blank?
___ cuaderno
un cuaderno
What indefinite article correctly fills the blank?
___ cuadernos
unos cuadernos
