Unit 0 Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific Method

A

evidence based method of inquiry
-evidence is collected through a series of experiments that are as accurate/ unbiased as possible
-as more information is collected, conclusions and our understanding of science changes

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2
Q

chemistry

A

the studdy of matter, its compositions, and its properties

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3
Q

matter

A

anything that has volume and mass
-“anything that takes up space”

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4
Q

composition

A

parts of matter present in specific proportions

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5
Q

properties

A

the attributes to distinguish between matter (scent, color, temperature, etc)

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6
Q

atoms

A

the smallest building block of matter

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7
Q

molecules

A

groups of atoms that are the same atoms
-ex: O2

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8
Q

compounds

A

groups of atoms that have different atoms
-ex: H2O

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9
Q

elements

A

different atoms organized by mass on the periodic table

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10
Q

Physical Properties

A

can be observed or seen without a change in composition
ex: color, shape, size, mass, texture, melting point, magnetism, density, mallubility, smell, temperature, state of matter etc.

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11
Q

Chemical Properties

A

are observed/ measured only with a change in composition
ex: toxicity, reactivity, corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, radioactivity etc

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12
Q

Physical Changes

A

change that does not alter the composition of the matter that undergoes the change
sign: phase change

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13
Q

chemical changes

A

change that alters the composition of the matter that undergoest the change
signs: change in smell, color, texture, energy (glowing or on fire), pH, an new material forming (precipitate), a solid from a liquid

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14
Q

pH

A

the strength of an acid or base

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15
Q

error/uncertainty

A

the trustworthyness of a measure

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16
Q

kilo (k)

A

1000 (10^3)

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17
Q

milli (m)

A

0.001 (10^-3)

18
Q

micro (μ)

A

10^-6

19
Q

nano (n)

A

10^-9

20
Q

pico (p)

A

10^-12

21
Q

mass (unit)

A

gram (g)

22
Q

length (unit)

A

meter (m)

23
Q

time (unit)

A

second (s)

24
Q

temperature (unit)

A

Kelvin (K), Celcius (℃)

25
Q

amount (unit)

A

mole (mol)

26
Q

current (unit)

A

ampere (A)

27
Q

Add/Subtract significant figures

A

keep as many decimal places as the number with the least amount of sig figs
-ex: 2.11 + 3.0 + 1.013 = 6.1

28
Q

Multiply/Divide significant figures

A

keep as many significant figures as the number with the least amount of significant figures
-ex: 4.567 x 1.4 = 6.5

29
Q

Scientific Notation

A

A x 10^n
A is a number between 1 & 10
n is the exponent
-ex: 10^-3=0.001
-ex: 86,400 = 8.64 x 10^4

30
Q

Accuracy

A

how close a measured quantity is to the accepted value

31
Q

Precision

A

how close measured values are to each other
-shows reproducibility

32
Q

Average (x bar)

A

measures a central tendency of a set of numbers

33
Q

Standard Deviation

A

the amount of deviation from the average
(Spread)
-always rounded to one sig fig
-

34
Q

formula for average

A

X1+X2+X3…/n where n= number of measurements
-have the mean go out to the same amount of decimals as st. dev.
-ex: 5.20 +/- 0.05

35
Q

formula for standard deviation

A

√(x1-avg,)^2 + (x2-avg)^2 + …
————————————-
n-1

where n = number of measurements

36
Q

Density

A

property of a substance that can be calculated as mass/volume

37
Q

solution

A

a homogeneous mixture: a mixture where all the materials present are present in the same composition

38
Q

Graph

A

a diagram depicting the relation between variables

39
Q

variables

A

quantities that can change

40
Q
A