Chemistry: Ultimate Review Flashcards
scientific method
Evidence-based method of inquiry where evidence is collected through series of experiments that are as accurate and unbiased as possible.
Chemistry
The study of matter, it’s compositions, and it’s properties
matter
anything that takes up space
kilo (k)
103
centi (c)
10-2
milli (m)
10-3
micro (μ)
10-6
nano (n)
10-9
When adding and subtracting (sig figs)
Keep as many decimal places as the number with the least amount of sig figs
when mutliplying or dividing
Keep as many significant figures as the number with the least amount of significant figures
accuracy
How close a measured quantity is to the accepted value (use average)
Precision
How close measured values are to each other (reproducibility) (use standard deviation)
isotope
The flavor and element with a different number of neutrons (number of protons identifies the element so it won’t change).
atomic number
number of protons in the nucleus
atomic mass
mass of protons and neutrons
molar mass
mass expressed as grams per mole (g/mol)
Empirical Formula
gives the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms
present in a compound
ex: NO2
molecular formula
gives the total number of atoms of each element present in a molecule
ex: N2O4
percent composition
mass of element / total mass of compound
cation
metals tend to lose electrons to become positively charged ions
anions
nonmetals tend to gain electrons to become negatively charged ions
covalent compound
formed as the result of oppositely charged electrons and atoms trying to lower their energieds
naming number of atoms present in covalent compound 1-4
mon, di, tri, tetra
naming number of atoms present in covalent compound 5-8
penta, hexa, hepta, octo
