Chemistry: Ultimate Review

Question 1

scientific method

Answer 1

Evidence-based method of inquiry where evidence is collected through series of experiments that are as accurate and unbiased as possible.

Question 2

Chemistry

Answer 2

The study of matter, it’s compositions, and it’s properties

Question 3

matter

Answer 3

anything that takes up space

Question 4

kilo (k)

Answer 4

10³

Question 5

centi (c)

Answer 5

10^-2

Question 6

milli (m)

Answer 6

10^-3

Question 7

micro (μ)

Answer 7

10^-6

Question 8

nano (n)

Answer 8

10^-9

Question 9

When adding and subtracting (sig figs)

Answer 9

Keep as many decimal places as the number with the least amount of sig figs

Question 10

when mutliplying or dividing

Answer 10

Keep as many significant figures as the number with the least amount of significant figures

Question 11

accuracy

Answer 11

How close a measured quantity is to the accepted value (use average)

Question 12

Precision

Answer 12

How close measured values are to each other (reproducibility) (use standard deviation)

Question 13

isotope

Answer 13

The flavor and element with a different number of neutrons (number of protons identifies the element so it won’t change).

Question 14

atomic number

Answer 14

number of protons in the nucleus

Question 15

atomic mass

Answer 15

mass of protons and neutrons

Question 16

molar mass

Answer 16

mass expressed as grams per mole (g/mol)

Question 17

Empirical Formula

Answer 17

gives the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms
present in a compound
ex: NO2

Question 18

molecular formula

Answer 18

gives the total number of atoms of each element present in a molecule
ex: N2O4

Question 19

percent composition

Answer 19

mass of element / total mass of compound

Question 20

cation

Answer 20

metals tend to lose electrons to become positively charged ions

Question 21

anions

Answer 21

nonmetals tend to gain electrons to become negatively charged ions

Question 22

covalent compound

Answer 22

formed as the result of oppositely charged electrons and atoms trying to lower their energieds

Question 23

naming number of atoms present in covalent compound 1-4

Answer 23

mon, di, tri, tetra

Question 24

naming number of atoms present in covalent compound 5-8

Answer 24

penta, hexa, hepta, octo

Question 25

salt

Answer 25

any ionic compound

Question 26

Precipitate

Answer 26

solid formed after a reaction

Question 27

-q

Answer 27

exothermic process, heat leaves the system

Question 28

q

Answer 28

endothermic process, heat is gained

Question 29

spectator ions

Answer 29

ions that cancel out because they stay the same on both sides of the equation

Question 30

lattice energy

Answer 30

(estimates solubility) the energy given off when separated gaseous ions form 1 mol of a solid (lower atomic radius = lower solubility

Question 31

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 31

light energy

Question 32

ionizaion energy

Answer 32

amount of energy needed to remove an electron from a gaseous element

Question 33

Electronic affinity

Answer 33

Number measures the strength of an atom to attract electrons

Question 34

Covalent bonds the ______ electronegative is the central atom

Answer 34

least

Question 35

formal charge

Answer 35

of valence electrons - # of electrons in lone pairs - # of bonds

Question 36

bond order

Question 37

pH < 7

Answer 37

acid

Question 38

pH>7

Answer 38

base

Question 39

pOH>7

Answer 39

acid

Question 40

pOH<7

Answer 40

base

Question 41

sublime

Answer 41

solid to a gas
ex: Na(s)->Na(g)

Question 42

dissociate

Answer 42

diatomic compound to monatomic
ex: 1/2(Cl2(g)) -> 2Cl(g)

Question 43

electron affinity

Answer 43

give an atom a negative charge by adding an electron
ex: Cl (g) + 1e- -> Cl-(g)

Question 44

mo theory explains

Answer 44

a molecule’s energy

Question 45

vb theory explains

Answer 45

the shape of a molecule

Question 46

bond order of 1, 2, 3

Answer 46

single bond, double bond, triple bond

Question 47

bond order with a decimal

Answer 47

proof of hybridization

Question 48

dissociation energy