Unionism and Co-operation: Unions and Their Opponents Flashcards

1
Q

Why were Trade Societies originally established?

A

To protect the rights of the skilled workers

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2
Q

What were some features of the early Trade Societies?

A

Localised, not class based, only concerning a single trade

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3
Q

Name a key example of a Trade Society

A

London Printers, who in 1793 petitioned for an increase in their fees, had 539 signatures (it was granted)

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4
Q

Who were knobsticks?

A

The workers who couldn’t afford to strike/needed to work, therefore ruining the effect of strike action. Some were physically attacked (eg. the Grinders Union Strike in Sheffield)

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5
Q

In what year were miners in the North involved in a huge strike?

A

1765

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6
Q

The French War in ____ encouraged Unions to grow because….

A

1793, There was economic discontent as food prices grew

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7
Q

In Wigan, weavers established a support group in what year?

A

1799

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8
Q

By May 1799 how many branches did the Association of Weavers have in Lancashire?

A

14

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9
Q

The Combination Acts ___ and ____ were only repealed in ___

A

1799 and 1800… 1824

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10
Q

The first Union of Unions was ______ established in 1818

A

The Philanthropic Hercules/Society

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11
Q

Why did the early attempts at a union of unions fail?

A

Because of bad structure and couldn’t surmount realities and requirements

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12
Q

In 1829, John Doherty established what two organisations? How long did each last?

A

The Grand General Union of the Operative Spinners of Great Britain, and the National Association for the Protection of Labour (both lasted less than 2 yeas)

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13
Q

In what year were there major strikes in Lancashire including multiple industries?

A

1818- only ended after 5 arrests

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14
Q

In what year was The Grand National Consolidated Trades Union founded?

A

1834

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15
Q

What were the failures of The Grand National Consolidated Trades Union?

A

It encouraged use of ‘The Document’ by employers and failed to support strikes by it’s members (eg. 1834: 1,500 mill workers went on strike and lost money), as well as having little regulation of funding (of 1 million members only 16,000 paid subs)

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16
Q

The French Revolution in ____ led to even more resistance to Trade Unions from government- fear of being overthrown

A

1789

17
Q

After 1820 food prices reduced by ___ and GNP raised by ___, meaning the government could be more sympathetic towards unions

A

1/3, 16.8%

18
Q

The 1823 Master Servant Act made their contract unbreakable, leading to ______ prosecutions each year from 1857-1875

A

10,000

19
Q

Fear of a national union led to repression, for example:

A

The Tolpuddle Martyrs 1834 (under unlawful oaths act 1797)