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Final 120 1 > Uninary Elimination > Flashcards

Uninary Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

Enuresis

A

Continued incontinence of urine past the age of toilet training.

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2
Q

Nocturia

A

The diminished ability of the kdneys to concentrate urine may result .

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3
Q

Anticoagulants may cause

A

Hematuria (blood in the urine), leading to a pink or red color.

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4
Q

Directics can lighten the color of uriine to a pale

A

Yellow

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5
Q

Levodopa an antiparkinson drug, and injectable iron compaounds can lead to

A

Black or brown urine

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6
Q

Factors afffecting Micturition

A 
Children
Effects of agin
Food and fluid intake
Psychological variables
Activity and muscle tone
Pathologic conditions
Medications
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7
Q

Pathologic Conditions

A 
-Congential urinary tract abnormalities (absence of kidney)
Polycystic kidney disease (fluid filled cysts in kidney)
Urinary tract infection 
Urinary calculi (kidney stones)
Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus 
Gout
Connective tissue disorders
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8
Q

Effects of Medication

A

Nephrotoxic drugs-Can damage kidneys
Diuretic-Hypertention disorder
Cholinergic medications- Stimulate contracts of detrusor muscles
Analgesics and tranquilizers- Suppress central nervious system, intecting by nueral reflex

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9
Q

Medications affecting color

A 
Pink red
Diuretics- Pale Yellow
Pyridium- Orange Red
Elavil - Green blue
Levodopa-brown black
Propofol?
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10
Q

Nursing Assessment

A

Voiding patterns, habits, past/current history of problems
Explore its duration, severity, and precipitating factors
Note patient’s perception of the problem
Check adequacy of patient’s self-care behaviors

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11
Q

Physical Assessment

A

Kidneys (costovertebral tenderness)
Urinary bladder (palpate and percuss the bladder or use bedside scanner)
Urethral meatus (inspect for signs of infection, discharge, or odor)
Skin (color, texture, turgor, and excretion of wastes)
Urine (color, odor, clarity, and sediment)

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12
Q

Measuring Urine Output

A

Patient to void into bedpan, urinal, or specimen
container
Note amount and appearance
Document
Determine 24-hr intake and output
Positive fluid balance (fluid volume overload) can cause increases in blood pressure and migration of fluid into lung spaces.
Negative fluid balance (fluid volume deficit) can cause kidney dysfunction, electrolyte imbalance, low blood pressure, shock and hypoperfusion of other organs.

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13
Q

Collecting Urine Specimines

A

Routine urinalysis: pH, glucose, ketones, protein, WBC, RBC, bilirubin, specific gravity
Normal urine output for an average adult is 1 ml/kg/hr (40-80 ml/hr)
Specific gravity: 1.010-1.025
Specimens from infants and children (disposable bags)
Clean-catch or midstream specimens
Sterile specimens from indwelling catheter (culture and sensitivity)
24-hour urine specimen: nutritional studies, urine urea nitrogen levels
1st void is discarded, time begins
Special container/may need to be refrigerated

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14
Q

Characteristics of Urine

A

Color: pale yellow, straw, amber (darker → concentrated)
Odor: aromatic, develops ammonia odor over time
Turbidity: clear or translucent – standing urine becomes cloudy over time (fresh urine that is cloudy is abnormal)
pH: 6.0; range from 4.6 to 8
Specific Gravity: 1.010 to 1.025
Constituents:
Organic (urea, uric acid, creatinine, nitrogen)
Inorganic: ammonia, sodium, chloride, iron, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium and calcium)

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15
Q

Nursing Diagnoses

A

Urinary functioning as the problem
Incontinence (functional, stress, urge, overflow, reflex, and total)
Pattern alteration (anuria, oliguria, dysuria, nocturia, polyuria, urgency, frequency)
Urinary retention: trauma, obstruction, BPH, malformation (stricture)
Urinary functioning as the etiology
Impaired Uninary Elimination (functional, stress)
Impaired Skin Integrity
Risk for infection
Toileting Self-Care deficit
Urinary Retention

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16
Q

Types of Urinary Incontinence

A 
Stress
Urge
Mixed
Overflow
Functional
Reflex
Total
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17
Q

Expected Outcomes

A 
Urine output about equal to fluid intake
Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
Empty bladder completely at regular intervals
Report ease of voiding
Maintain skin integrity
Bladder control if possible
18
Q

Reasons for Catheterization

A

Relieving urinary retention
Obtaining a sterile urine specimen
Measuring amount of post void residual (PVR) urine in bladder – a sign of urinary retention
Obtaining a urine specimen when usual methods can’t be used
Emptying bladder before, during, or after surgery
Monitoring critically ill patients
# 1 cause for Nosocomial infection

19
Q

Use of Absorbent Products

A 
Functional disability of the patient
Type and severity of incontinence
Gender
Availability of caregivers
Failure with previous treatment programs
Patient preference
Meticulous skin care or protective products applied to skin
20
Q

Nursing Evaluation

A

Maintain fluid, electrolyte, acid–base balance
Empty bladder completely at regular intervals with no discomfort
Provide care for urinary diversion and note when to notify physician
Develop a plan to modify factors contributing to problem
Correct unhealthy urinary habits
Prevent complications associated with urinary diversions (permanent)

21
Q

Unexpected situation

A

Use of bladder scan
No urine flow after catheterization
Urine leaks around the catheter
Intense pain when inflate balloon
Unable to advance catheter in male patient
Break in skin integrity due to condom catheter

22
Q

Color

A

Urine is darker than normal when it is scanty and concentrated. Urine is lighter than normal when it is excessive and diluted.

23
Q

Odor

A

Some foods cause urine to have a characterstic odor

24
Q

Turbidity

A

Cloudiness observe in freshly voided urine is abnormal and may be due to the precsence of red blood cells, white blood cells, bacteria, vaginal discharge, sperm, or prostatic fluid.

25
Q

Ph

A

A high protein diet cause urine to become excessibely acidc.

26
Q

Specific gravity

A

1.015 to 1.025, concentrated urine will have a higher than normal spefic gravity, and diluted urine will have a lower than normal specific gravity.

27
Q

Constituents

A

Anormal constituents of urine include blood, pus, albumine, glucose, ketone bodies, casts, gross bacteria and bile.

28
Q

Measuring Urine Output in Patients With an Indwelling Catheter

A
  1. Put on clean gloves
  2. Place a calibrated measuring device beneath the urine collection bag at the bedside. To prevent the spread of infection, each pataent should have his or her own calibraded measuring device.
  3. Place the drainage spout from the collection bag above, but not touching, the calibrated measuring device and open the clamp.
  4. Allow the urine to flow from the collection bag into the measuring device.
  5. Reclamp the drainage tube, wipe the spourt tube with and alcohol pad, and repace the tube into sot on the drainage bag. Proceed with measurement of urine.
29
Q

Keigal exercises

A

target ommer ,isc;es tjat ;oe imder amd support the bladder.

30
Q

Riske of UTI

A

Sexaually active women
Women who use diaphramgms for contraception.
Postmenopaus women
Inviduals with an indewelling urinary catheter in place.
Indivuals with diabetes mellitus.
Elderly people.

31
Q

Treatment UTI

A 
Drink 8 to 10 oz of water
Observe the urine for color, amount, odor and fequecncy
Dry perineal area after urination
Take shower rather than baths
Wear underwear of cotton crotch
32
Q

Transient incontinence

A

Appears suddnely and last for 6 months or less

33
Q

Stress incontinence

A

Occurs when there is an involuntary loss of urine related to an increase in intra abdominal pressure.

34
Q

Urge Incontinence

A

Is the involuntary loss of urine that occurs soon after feeling an ungent need to void.

35
Q

mixed incontinence

A

Indicates that there is urine loss with feature of two or more types of inontinence.

36
Q

Function incontinence

A

Caused by the inability to reach the toilet because of environment barrier.

37
Q

Reflex inonctiness

A

Experience emptying of the bladder without the sensation of the need to void.

38
Q

Total Incontinece

A

Is a contuous and unprediable loss of urine, resulting from surgery trauma, or physical malformation.

39
Q

Intermittent urethral catheters

A

Straight cathetoer, not used to drain the bladder for short periods

40
Q

Indwelling Urethral catheter

A

If a catheter is to remain in place for continous drainage.

41
Q

Suprapubic catheter

A

Used for long term continous drainage. It is inserted through surgery.

Final 120 1 (4 decks)

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