Electrolytes

Question 1

Sodium 135-145

Answer 1

-135-145 Ctrols and regulates extracullar fluid
-Affects serum osmolaity
-Important in regulation of acid base balace as sodium bicarbonate
Loss or gain of sodium usally accompanied by loss or gain of water

Question 2

Sodium source and losses

Answer 2

Normally enters the body through gastrointestinal tract

• Derived from food
• Lost from gastrintestinal tract, kidneys and skin.

Question 3

Sodium Regulation

Answer 3

• Transported out of cell by the sodium potasium pump
• Sodium concentration affected by salut as well as water, intake regulation by reninangiotentin aldoserone system.
• Elimation and reabosorption by the kidneys

Question 4

Patasium-3.5-5.0

Answer 4

Helps contrial intercellular osmolarity
-Is chief regulator of celluar enzyme activity
-Plays a vital role in transmission of electrical impulses, heart, skeletal, intentian lung tissue and protein and cabydrate metabolism.
Assist in rguation of acid alance by cellular exchang with H+

Question 5

Potassium sources

Answer 5

Diet, Fruits and vegtable dried peas and beans, whole grains, milk meats
Lost in kidneys and stooll sweat.

Question 6

Potassium regulation

Answer 6

Aldosteron, elimated by kidneys

Question 7

Calcium 8.5-10.5

Answer 7

Transmit nerve impulses, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, Role in blood coagulation,

Question 8

Calcium sources

Answer 8

milk and milkd products, cheese, dried beans fortified orange juice, green leafy vegitables, small fish peas and beans.

Question 9

Calicium regulation

Answer 9

Regulated by the parathyroid hromon and calcitonin. High serum phospate reults in decreased serum calcium level; low serum phospate leads to increased serum calcium.

Question 10

Magnesium-1.3-2.1

Answer 10

Is important for the metabolism of carboghdrates and proteins. Acts on carivasucla system producing vasodilation.

Question 11

Magnesium sources

Answer 11

Green leafty vegitables, nuts and seafood, whole grains, dried peas

Question 12

Magnesium reglation

Answer 12

Parathyroid hormone

Question 13

Chloride

Answer 13

Acts with sodium to maintain osmotic pressure

Plays a role in body acid-base balance combines with hydrogen to produce hydrochloric acid.

Question 14

Chloride sorces

Answer 14

Salt, processed foods

Question 15

Chloride regulation

Answer 15

Regi;ated by aldosteron- also low potassium leads to low chloride.

Question 16

Bicarbonate

Answer 16

Regulation acid base balance

Question 17

Bicarbonate source

Answer 17

ingestion of acid nuetralizer

Question 18

Bicarbonate regulation

Answer 18

Bicarboate is regulated by kidneys

Question 19

Phospate- 3.0-4.5

Answer 19

Helps maintain the bodys acid base balane as a hydrogen buffer
Bone and teeth formation
Regulation of hormone and coenzyme activity.

Question 20

Phospate

Answer 20

Enters body via gastrointestinal tract

Sources include all animal producats

Question 21

Phonsphate regulation

Answer 21

Parathyroid hormone and by activated vitamin D