Unifying themes of life

Question 1

States that all living organisms are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of life.

Answer 1

Cell theory

Question 2

All organisms, from the simplest bacteria to complex multicellular organisms, are made of?

Answer 2

Cells

Question 3

Cells arise from __-_______ cells through the process of cell division.

Answer 3

pre-existing

Question 4

What are the two main types of cells

Answer 4

prokaryotic (no nucleus, like bacteria) and eukaryotic (nucleus, like plant and animal cells).

Question 5

carry out all necessary functions of life, such as metabolism and reproduction.

Answer 5

Cells

Question 6

Organisms do not exist in isolation; they continuously interact with their environment.

Answer 6

Interaction with the Environment

Question 7

It respond to physical factors (e.g., sunlight, water, temperature) and biological factors (e.g., predators, symbiotic relationships).

Answer 7

Organisms

Question 8

These can influence an organism’s behavior, physiology, and survival.

Answer 8

interactions

Question 9

The fundamental and the smallest unit of life

Answer 9

Cells

Question 10

Over time, species undergo changes that allow them to survive and reproduce in specific environments.

Answer 10

Adaptation and Evolution

Question 11

Is the change in the genetic composition of populations over generations, driven primarily by natural selection.

Answer 11

Evolution

Question 12

Are traits that increase an organism’s fitness, or its ability to survive and reproduce.

Answer 12

Adaptation

Question 13

Organisms with advantageous traits (adaptations) are more likely to survive and pass on these traits to offspring.

Answer 13

Natural selection

Question 14

Random events can cause certain alleles to become more or less common in a population, particularly in small populations (e.g., founder effect, bottleneck effect).

Answer 14

Genetic Drift

Question 15

Movement of individuals between populations introduces new genetic material, promoting genetic diversity.

Answer 15

Gene flow

Question 16

Shows the progression of life forms over millions of years, such as the transition from fish to amphibians.

Answer 16

Fossils record

Question 17

While life on Earth is incredibly diverse, all living organisms share a set of common features that reflect their evolutionary origin from a common ancestor.

Answer 17

Unity and Diversity of Life

Question 18

Life is classified into three domains

Answer 18

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Question 19

New species arise when populations become genetically distinct from one another, often due to geographic isolation (e.g., the evolution of different species of cichlid fish in isolated African lakes).

Answer 19

Speciation

Question 20

allows for the transfer of genetic material from one generation to the next, and this transmission of heritable information ensures the continuation and evolution of species.

Answer 20

Reproduction

Question 21

Involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring. This occurs through processes like binary fission in bacteria or budding in yeast.

Answer 21

Asexual Reproduction

Question 22

Involves the combination of genetic material from two parents. This leads to genetic variation through meiosis, where gametes (sperm and egg) are produced with half the number of chromosomes.

Answer 22

Sexual Reproduction

Question 23

stores and transmits genetic information. It is composed of nucleotides, which form genes that encode proteins.

Answer 23

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Question 24

is the process by which organisms convert nutrients into energy, and regulation involves maintaining stable internal conditions (homeostasis) that are essential for survival.

Answer 24

Respiration

Question 25

Often called the “energy currency” of the cell, powers cellular processes like muscle contraction and nerve signaling.

Answer 25

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 26

Maintaining body temperature

Answer 26

thermoregulation

Question 27

is any self-regulating process by which an organism tends to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are best for its survival.

Answer 27

Homeostasis

Question 28

The relationship between an animal’s structure and how it functions in its environment is crucial for survival. Evolution shapes the anatomy (form) to optimize how organisms perform necessary functions.

Answer 28

Form and Function of Animals

Question 29

Their hollow bones and wing shapes are designed for flight, reducing weight and maximizing aerodynamic efficiency.

Answer 29

Birds

Question 30

Diverse forms like the long neck of a giraffe for reaching high foliage or the webbed feet of otters for swimming show how structure is optimized for function.

Answer 30

Mammals

Question 31

Streamlined bodies and fins are adapted for swimming in water, reducing drag and enhancing propulsion.

Answer 31

Fish

Question 32

In animals, the heart pumps blood, transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste. Some animals, like fish, have a two-chambered heart, while mammals have a four-chambered heart for more efficient oxygenation.

Answer 32

Circulatory System

Question 33

Animals rely on their _______ ______ to detect stimuli and respond. For instance, the reflex arc in humans allows for rapid, automatic responses to pain

Answer 33

Nervous system

Question 34

are new attributes that arise when individual components interact at higher levels of complexity. These properties cannot be predicted just by understanding the individual parts.

Answer 34

Emergent properties

Question 35

A single neuron does not “think,” but the network of neurons in the brain gives rise to consciousness and complex thought processes.

Answer 35

Cellular Level

Question 36

The interaction between species and the environment produces new phenomena, such as nutrient cycling, where energy flows through the _________ and substances like carbon and nitrogen are recycled.

Answer 36

Ecosystem

Question 37

In some species, social behavior arises from individual actions, like ant colonies working as a collective to build complex nests or forage for food.

Answer 37

Social systems

Question 38

explores how advancements in scientific knowledge and technology impact human life, and how societal needs shape scientific research.

Answer 38

STS (Science, Technology, and Society)

Question 39

Technologies like the microscope and the telescope have allowed scientists to explore previously inaccessible realms, from the tiny world of cells to distant galaxies.

Answer 39

Technology Enables Science

Question 40

Discoveries in physics led to innovations like electricity, while breakthroughs in biology and chemistry led to medical advances like antibiotics, vaccines, and genetic engineering.

Answer 40

Science Advances Technology