Cell organelles and Functions Flashcards
YAWA
It Controls cell activities and contains DNA, which carries genetic information. It acts as the cell’s command center.
Nucleus
Known as the “powerhouse of the cell,” they generate energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
Mitochondria
Sites of protein synthesis. They can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Ribosomes
Has ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein synthesis and transport.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.
Golgi Apparatus
Contains enzymes that digest and break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders like bacteria.
Lysosome
Break down fatty acids and amino acids, and detoxify harmful substances.
Peroxisome
Provides structural support for the cell, aids in cell movement, and organizes cell components.
Cytoskeleton
Regulates what enters and exits the cell and provides protection and structure. It is selectively permeable.
Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)
Conducts photosynthesis by converting solar energy into chemical energy (glucose). (Plant cells)
Chloroplast
Stores nutrients, waste products, and helps maintain turgor pressure in plant cells. In animal cells, ________ are smaller and involved in waste removal.
Vacuoles
Helps with cell division by organizing the mitotic spindle and ensuring proper chromosome separation. (In animal cells)
Centrioles
The jelly-like substance that fills the cell, where most cellular activities occur, including chemical reactions.
Cytoplasm
Provides additional support and protection, and helps maintain the shape of the plant cell. (plant cell)
Cell Wall
Lacks a true nucleus. DNA is found in a region called the nucleoid, not enclosed by a membrane.
Prokaryotic Cells
Lacks membrane-bound organelles. Functions like metabolism occur in the cytoplasm or plasma membrane.
Prokaryotic Cells
Has a true, membrane-bound nucleus where DNA is enclosed.
Eukaryotic Cells
Contains membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, etc.
Eukaryotic Cells
List the organism of Prokaryotic Cell
Bacteria and Archaea
List the organism of Eukaryotic Cell
Animals, plants, Fungi, Protists
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in the cell
Nuclear envelope
is a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body.
Organelle
