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Science > UNICELLULAR REVISION > Flashcards

UNICELLULAR REVISION Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

give a example of prokaryotes

A

bacteria

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2
Q

give a example of a protoctists

A

algae

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3
Q

give a example of fungi

A

fungi

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4
Q

what cell parts do prokaryotes have out off cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cell wall, chloroplast

A

cytoplasm
cell membrane
cell wall

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5
Q

what cell parts do protoctists have out off cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cell wall, chloroplast

A

cytoplasm
cell membrane
nucleus
mitochondria
some have cell wall
some have chloroplast

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6
Q

what cell parts do plant have out off cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cell wall, chloroplast

A

cytoplasm
cell membrane
nucleus
mitochondria
cell wall
chloroplast

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7
Q

what cell parts do fungi have out off cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cell wall, chloroplast

A

cytoplasm
cell membrane
cell wall
nucleus
mitochondria

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8
Q

what cell parts do animal have out off cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cell wall, chloroplast

A

cytoplasm
cell membrane
nucleus
mitochondria

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9
Q

what does MRS GREN stand for

A

movement
respiration
sensitivity
growth
reproduction
excretion
nutrition

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10
Q

why do cell need to diffuse materials and how is area:volume ratios related to cell diffusing material and how does it affect it talk about size and growth and what does the equation equal

A

cells diffuse oxygen because they need them inside them and around the inside of them and when cells grow the volume increases faster then the area making big cell not get filled up with materials quick enough the equation=area divided by volume

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11
Q

are plants unicellular or multicellular

A

multi

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12
Q

are animal unicellular or multicellular

A

multi

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13
Q

are fungi unicellular or multicellular

A

both

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14
Q

are prokaryotes unicellular or multicellular

A

uni

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15
Q

are protoctist unicellular or multicellular

A

both

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16
Q

how do yeast reproduce and what method do they use

A

yeast reproduce asexually (only one parent) by “Budding” where the daughter cell grows out of parent cell

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17
Q

what is the equation of aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration

A

aerobic: “Glucose(sugar) + oxygen=carbon dioxide + water”
anaerobic:
Glucose(sugar)=carbon dioxide+ethonel

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18
Q

how is yeast used in baking

A

Yeast is used in baking to help rise the bread because when it respirates it creates carbon dioxide (air bubbles in bread)

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19
Q

what factors help yeast reproduce

A

sugar, warmth and moisture

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20
Q

describe how a growth curve diagram would look like for yeast in baking (In detail)

A

at first the growth line will not be very steep but then gets steeper because the population is growing so more yeast reproduce then the steep line gets less steep because Glucose(sugar) starts to run out finally the line become level because the population stop growing

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21
Q

why are anaerobic bacteria used in making yoghurt and cheese

A

because they produce lactic acid witch is ingredient used in making these products

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22
Q

what is the equation for the process of anaerobic bacteria making lactic acid

A

glucose=lactic acid

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23
Q

in what three factors do bacteria grow best

A

sugar, warmth and moisture

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24
Q

what way does bacteria reproduce and describe the process

A

they reproduce using a asexual reproduction method called binary fission where one cell grows and splits into two identical parts

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25
Q

what kingdom are bacteria from
and what are its cell parts

A

belongs in the Prokaryotes kingdom cell parts include:
flagellum
slime capsule
chromosome
cell membrane
cell wall
cytoplasm

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26
Q

what is the function of this bacteria cell part flagellum

A

tail for Movement

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27
Q

what is the function of this bacteria cell part chromosome

A

a circular shaped chromosome made of DNA witch controls the cell

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28
Q

what is the function of this bacteria cell part cell wall

A

gives the cell its shape and provides protection

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29
Q

what is the function of this bacteria cell part cell membrane

A

controls what enters and leaves the cell

30
Q

what is the function of this bacteria cell part cytoplasm

A

jelly like substance bacteria cytoplasm witch is where chemical reaction happen

31
Q

what is the function of this bacteria cell part slime capsule

A

a outer layer that stops cell from drying out

32
Q

what are the steps in making a pie chart from data step by step

A

1) add together all the data
2) do 360 divided by the total of data witch would equal to the degree of one piece of data
3) times degree of one piece of data to the actual data round some number if needed
4) now with the degree figured out draw the pie chart

33
Q

what is the function of this protoctists cell part cytoplasm

A

jelly like substance where chemical reaction happen

34
Q

what is the function of this protoctists cell part vacuole

A

storage area for food

35
Q

what is the function of this protoctists cell part cillia

A

Cilia hair like structure that helps protoctists move, feed, and sense their environment.

36
Q

what is the function of this protoctists cell part pseudopods

A

Pseudopods are extensions of the cell used for movement and feeding

37
Q

what is the equation used in photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide+water=glucose+oxygen

38
Q

what is the equation used in respiration

A

Glucose+Oxygen→CarbonDioxide+Water+Energy

39
Q

what is the equation used in combustion

A

Hydrocarbon+Oxygen→CarbonDioxide+Water+Energy

40
Q

describe how algae make their own food and the importance of it

A

algae make their own food by photosynthesis This process is important for the ecosystem as it decreases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

41
Q

say the names of job in a food chain in order and what they do

A

Producers: usually plants or algae that uses photosynthesis.
Primary Consumers: eat producers.
Secondary Consumers: eat primary consumers.
Tertiary Consumers: eat secondary consumers.
Decomposers: Organisms like bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter

42
Q

give example of decomposer and why are they important

A

fungi or bacteria decomposers are important because they break down dead matter, recycle nutrients, and enrich soil,

43
Q

describe the basic features found on the carbon cycle

A

1)Carbon stored in the atmosphere, oceans, soil,
2)respiration release CO₂.
3)Decomposers return carbon to the soil and atmosphere.
4)Burning fossil fuels releases CO₂.
5)Oceans absorb atmospheric CO₂.
6)Plants convert CO₂ into glucose.

44
Q

what did doctors wear in the 17th century to protect themself from the plague

A

the “beak” is filled with herbs to keep “bad air” away the long cloak, boots, gloves and mask were to not let “bad air” to reach their body

45
Q

what was some ideas for treatment and causes for the black death

A

Ideas for treatment:
Bloodletting
Herbal Remedies
Quarantine
Prayers
Ideas for causes:
Bad Air
Divine Punishment
Astrology
Contagion

46
Q

what microorganism caused the black death

A

YERSINIA PESTIS

47
Q

how was black death spread

A

rats, fleas, coughs and sneezes

48
Q

when did the black death started

A

14th century

49
Q

define host

A

organism that provides food and shelter for a parasite

50
Q

define obligate paraite

A

a parasite that cannot reproduce without being in its host

51
Q

define parasite

A

Organism or virus that lives on or in a living host organism and takes food from it causing harm to the host

52
Q

define antibiotic

A

medicine that helps people recover from a bacterial infection by killing the pathogen

53
Q

define immune

A

does not fall ill after infection with a pathogen because their white blood cells destroys the pathogen

54
Q

define pathogen

A

something that can spread between other organisms and cause disease

55
Q

define fermentation

A

anaerobic respiration occurring in microorganisms

56
Q

limitimg factors

A

something that stops a population growin

57
Q

define pyramid of biomass and define pyramid of numbers

A

A pyramid of numbers displays the number of organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem, typically narrowing from producers to higher consumers.

A pyramid of biomass shows the total mass of living organisms at each trophic level, typically narrowing from producers to higher consumers.

57
Q

define statement key

A

a series of descriptive statements used to work out what something is

57
Q

define tuberculosis

A

a communicable bacterial disease that infects the lungs

57
Q

define enzyme

A

substance that can speed up some processes in living things

58
Q

define organic molecule

A

a molecule that is built using a chain of carbon atoms

58
Q

define trophic level

A

A trophic level shows an organism’s role in energy transfer such as producers and or consumers

59
Q

define carbohydrate

A

a nutrient that is used as the main source of energy

60
Q

how do fungi and bacteria feed on organic molecules

A

by releasing enzymes into their surroundings to digest large organic molecules the digested molecules are then absorbed

61
Q

what is the job and structure of the cytoplasm

A

gel like substance where chemical reaction happen

62
Q

what is the job and structure of the cell membrane

A

outer layer of cell controls what gets in and out of cell

63
Q

what is the job and structure of the nucleus

A

oval controls the cell

64
Q

what is the job and structure of the mitochondria

A

Mitochondria are oval organelles that create energy

65
Q

what is the job and structure of the cell wall

A

outer layer keeps cells structure and protects the cell

66
Q

what is the job and structure of the chloroplasts

A

oval shapes contains chlorophile wich is used for photosynthesis

67
Q

what do bacterial cell not have

A

nucleus

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