8I Fluids Flashcards
revise for test
what are the three states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
describe the force in a solid
strong
describe the force in a liquid
fairly strong
describe the force in a gas
weak
describe the spacing in a solid
close
describe the spacing in a liquid
close
describe the spacing in a gas
far apart
describe the movement in a solid
vibrate in fixed positions
describe the movement in a liquid
moves around within the liquid
describe the movement in a gas
moves about fast in all directions
define solids (shape, volume, flow, and about its compression)
keeps their shape and volume they cannot flow and difficult to compressed but they could into smaller volume
define liquid (shape, volume, flow, and about its compression)
keeps their volume but not shape they could flow and are difficult to compress
define gas (shape, volume, flow, and about its compression)
does not have a fixed shape or volume could flow and easy to compress
why is it difficult to compress solids and liquids
Solids and liquids are hard to compress because their particles are tightly packed together.
why is gas easy to compress
because its particles are far apart and move freely, allowing them to be squeezed closer together easily.
define diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, until they are evenly spread out. It happens naturally in gases, liquids, and solids.
define Brownian motion
tiny bits of dust in the air or water can be seen jiggling around as they are hit by the moving air or water particles
define density
Density is the mass of an object per unit volume It tells you how much matter is packed into a given space
how heating and cooling effects materials
Heating makes materials expand because they move or vibrate more and take up more space and cooling makes them contract and move less
define volume
Volume is the amount of space inside an object or substance.
define mass
Mass is the amount of matter in an object, typically measured in kilograms or grams.
how does the triangle to work out mass density and volume look like and work
The triangle has M (mass) on top and Belows a line then beneath that D (density) on the bottom left and V (volume) on the bottom right to use it you cover the term, and it will show the workings
what is the formulae for density
Density = Mass ÷ Volume
what is the formulae for mass
Mass = Density × Volume
what is the formulae for volume
Volume = Mass ÷ Density
how to choose units for density
choose units based on the size and mass of the object
how to work out the density of a regular shape
work out the mass with scale and volume with W x L x H and do m divided by v
how to work out the density of an irregular shape
use water displacement method for volume and use a scale for mas and do m divide v
what is gas to liquid called
condensation
what is solid to gas called
sublimation
what is solid to liquid called
melting
what is liquid to gas called
boiling
how could you increase pressure
. compressing
. increase temperature
. increase particles
what will a line graph of particles changing state look like
first the temperature rises or drops, then a period of a steady line this is because energy is used to break or form bonds and finally the rise or drop starts again after the state has changed
what is liquid to solid called
freezing
why does the temperature stay the same when the particle change state
because the energy is no longer used in rising or lowering the temperature but used in forming or breaking the energy between particles
what is gas to solid called
deposition
what is pressure and what causes them
Pressure is the force exerted per unit area on a surface. It is caused by the collisions of particles against a surface.
how does temperature affect pressure
As temperature increases, pressure does too because the particles move faster and collide more often, creating more force. and so when temperature decrease pressure does too
how does depth or height affect pressure
Pressure increases with depth and decreases with height. More depth means more pressure, and higher altitude means less pressure.
what causes you to float in water
You float in water because the upthrust is equal to or greater than your weight.
what factors effect upthrust
weight of object
density of fluids
volume of object
define upthrust
Upthrust is the upward force from a liquid or gas that pushes against an object’s weight
how do you measure upthrust
To measure upthrust, weigh the object in air, then weigh it when it’s fully submerged in water. The two minus is the upthrust.
how do you know if something would float
find the density of the fluid and object if the fluids density is greater than the objects it will float
factors that increase drag
lower altitudes
higher temperature
higher speed
larger surface area
rough surface
factors that decrease drag
smooth surface
low speed
streamline shape
cool temperature
higher altitudes
what causes drag
Drag is caused by friction between an object and the air or water particles
how speed affect drag
As speed increases, drag does too. This is because the moving objects push more air or fluid particles aside, creating more friction and resistance.
which of the states of matters could be comppresed
gas
what’s a chemical change
a change witch forms one or more new substances
what’s a physical change
a change witch no new substances are formed
