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Science > 8I Fluids > Flashcards

8I Fluids Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three states of matter

A

solid
liquid
gas

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2
Q

describe the force in a solid

A

strong

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3
Q

describe the force in a liquid

A

fairly strong

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4
Q

describe the force in a gas

A

weak

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5
Q

describe the spacing in a solid

A

close

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6
Q

describe the spacing in a liquid

A

close

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7
Q

describe the spacing in a gas

A

far apart

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8
Q

describe the movement in a solid

A

vibrate in fixed positions

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9
Q

describe the movement in a liquid

A

moves around within the liquid

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10
Q

describe the movement in a gas

A

moves about fast in all directions

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11
Q

define solids (shape, volume, flow, and about its compression)

A

keeps their shape and volume they cannot flow and difficult to compressed but they could into smaller volume

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12
Q

define liquid (shape, volume, flow, and about its compression)

A

keeps their volume but not shape they could flow and are difficult to compress

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13
Q

define gas (shape, volume, flow, and about its compression)

A

does not have a fixed shape or volume could flow and easy to compress

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14
Q

why is it difficult to compress solids and liquids

A

Solids and liquids are hard to compress because their particles are tightly packed together.

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15
Q

why is gas easy to compress

A

because its particles are far apart and move freely, allowing them to be squeezed closer together easily.

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16
Q

define diffusion

A

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, until they are evenly spread out. It happens naturally in gases, liquids, and solids.

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17
Q

define Brownian motion

A

tiny bits of dust in the air or water can be seen jiggling around as they are hit by the moving air or water particles

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18
Q

define density

A

Density is the mass of an object per unit volume It tells you how much matter is packed into a given space

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19
Q

how heating and cooling effects materials

A

Heating makes materials expand because they move or vibrate more and take up more space and cooling makes them contract and move less

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20
Q

define volume

A

Volume is the amount of space inside an object or substance.

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21
Q

define mass

A

Mass is the amount of matter in an object, typically measured in kilograms or grams.

22
Q

how does the triangle to work out mass density and volume look like and work

A

The triangle has M (mass) on top and Belows a line then beneath that D (density) on the bottom left and V (volume) on the bottom right to use it you cover the term, and it will show the workings

23
Q

what is the formulae for density

A

Density = Mass ÷ Volume

24
Q

what is the formulae for mass

A

Mass = Density × Volume

25
Q

what is the formulae for volume

A

Volume = Mass ÷ Density

26
Q

how to choose units for density

A

choose units based on the size and mass of the object

27
Q

how to work out the density of a regular shape

A

work out the mass with scale and volume with W x L x H and do m divided by v

28
Q

how to work out the density of an irregular shape

A

use water displacement method for volume and use a scale for mas and do m divide v

29
Q

what is gas to liquid called

A

condensation

29
Q

what is solid to gas called

A

sublimation

29
Q

what is solid to liquid called

A

melting

29
Q

what is liquid to gas called

A

boiling

30
Q

how could you increase pressure

A

. compressing
. increase temperature
. increase particles

30
Q

what will a line graph of particles changing state look like

A

first the temperature rises or drops, then a period of a steady line this is because energy is used to break or form bonds and finally the rise or drop starts again after the state has changed

30
Q

what is liquid to solid called

A

freezing

30
Q

why does the temperature stay the same when the particle change state

A

because the energy is no longer used in rising or lowering the temperature but used in forming or breaking the energy between particles

31
Q

what is gas to solid called

A

deposition

31
Q

what is pressure and what causes them

A

Pressure is the force exerted per unit area on a surface. It is caused by the collisions of particles against a surface.

31
Q

how does temperature affect pressure

A

As temperature increases, pressure does too because the particles move faster and collide more often, creating more force. and so when temperature decrease pressure does too

31
Q

how does depth or height affect pressure

A

Pressure increases with depth and decreases with height. More depth means more pressure, and higher altitude means less pressure.

32
Q

what causes you to float in water

A

You float in water because the upthrust is equal to or greater than your weight.

32
Q

what factors effect upthrust

A

weight of object
density of fluids
volume of object

32
Q

define upthrust

A

Upthrust is the upward force from a liquid or gas that pushes against an object’s weight

33
Q

how do you measure upthrust

A

To measure upthrust, weigh the object in air, then weigh it when it’s fully submerged in water. The two minus is the upthrust.

34
Q

how do you know if something would float

A

find the density of the fluid and object if the fluids density is greater than the objects it will float

35
Q

factors that increase drag

A

lower altitudes
higher temperature
higher speed
larger surface area
rough surface

36
Q

factors that decrease drag

A

smooth surface
low speed
streamline shape
cool temperature
higher altitudes

37
Q

what causes drag

A

Drag is caused by friction between an object and the air or water particles

38
Q

how speed affect drag

A

As speed increases, drag does too. This is because the moving objects push more air or fluid particles aside, creating more friction and resistance.

39
Q

which of the states of matters could be comppresed

A

gas

40
Q

what’s a chemical change

A

a change witch forms one or more new substances

41
Q

what’s a physical change

A

a change witch no new substances are formed

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