UNI2- mineral elements related to teeth

Question 1

hydroxyapitate formula?

Answer 1

Ca10(PO4)6OH2 contains Ca+P for teeth +bones

Question 2

what elements does Saliva contain+ function? (3)

Answer 2

phosphate= buffer for ph
Ca,P+mg= enamel maturation 
P,Ca,F= enamel remineralisation

Question 3

what is enamel made from?

Answer 3

AMELOBLASTS which cover the crown of tooth

Question 4

when does enamel formation occur?

Answer 4

before eruption

Question 5

what is enamel maturation?

Answer 5

Ca,P+mg (saliva)
growth in width + thickness of hydroxyapitate= physical hardening and transformation of new enamel into durable mineralised tissue.

Question 6

what is enamel remineralisation?

Answer 6

P,Ca,F (saliva)

minerals return to structure of tooth, replenishment

Question 7

how does fluoride protect teeth from caries? (2)

Answer 7

• hardness of enamel
• protection from caries= via reducing apitate solubility in acids by isomorphic replacing hydroxyapitate to fluroapitate

Question 8

what is the chemical formula of fluorapatite?

Answer 8

Ca10(PO4)6F2

Question 9

fluorapatite vs hydroxyapitate

Answer 9

it is more stable but less soluble+ harder

Question 10

what is Tooth demineralization?

Answer 10

minerals (mainly calcium) are removed from any of the hard tissues: enamel, dentin and cememtun.

Question 11

how does fluoride prevent bacterial biofilms?

Answer 11

it inhibits enolase (enzyme that catalyses aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis which creates bacterial biofilms)

Question 12

what are the bad effects of fluoride? (4)

Answer 12

• can be toxic
• inhibits ezyme co factors
• excess= fluorosis
• inhibits activity ameloblasts (monomer of enamel)