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General Finals & SBA Review > Uni finals course > Flashcards

Uni finals course Flashcards

1
Q

Aspects of respiratory history

A 
PC
HPC
PMH
DH
SH
FH
Smoking and alcohol
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2
Q

What might anaemia indicate?

A 
GI bleed 
Steroids 
B12 deficiency
Alcohol abuse 
Chronic disease
Iron deficiency
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3
Q

What does asterixis indicate

A

Decompensated T2RF also decompensated liver disease

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4
Q

Causes of clubbing

A

CLUBBING

Cystic fibrosis
Lung cancer 
UC
Bronchiectasis 
idiopathic pulmoary fibrosis
Neurogenic tumours
Gastrointestinal distrubance
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5
Q

What is respiratory splinting?

A

Reduced inspiratory effort as a result of pleuritic chest pain
They may be leaning forward to avoid the irritation

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6
Q

When is a thoracotomy done and where is the scar

A

To remove lung cancer

Around the scapula on the back/side!

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7
Q

Chest deformities

A

Kyphoscoliosis
Pectus excavatum
Pectus carinatum

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8
Q

Type of NIV for COPD

A

BiPAP to help remove CO2!

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9
Q

NIV for sleep apnoea

A

CPAP to keep alveoli open!

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10
Q

Whats important to check when prescribing an inhaler?

A

Check technique

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11
Q

What colour is a SABA?

A

Blue

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12
Q

Reduced resonance on percussion could indicate…

A

Pus (empyema)

Consolidation

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13
Q

Characteristic bronchial breathing

A

Inspiration and expiration equally loud and equal in duration.
Normally, expiration should be shorter than inpiration.
Sounds like they are scuba diving

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14
Q

What does bronchial breathing (peripherally, because centrally is reasonably normal) indicate?

A

Pneumonia
Pleural effusions
Atelecatasis

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15
Q

Characteristic wheeze

A

You’ve had it yourself after a big run
Whisteling as you breath in
Kind of musical

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16
Q

What can a wheeze indicate?

A

Obstruction
Asthma
May be mucus, ask them to cough!

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17
Q

Characteristics of fine crackles

A

Like breathing into a radio

Or wood burning in a fireplace

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18
Q

Early inspiratory crackles indicate

A

Chronic bronchitis

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19
Q

Late inspiratory crackles indicate

like wood burning on a fireplace

A

Pneumonia
Atelectasis
Chronic heart failure

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20
Q

Cause of rhonchi sounds on auscultation

A 
Widened airways (e.g. emphysema) with thick secretions
Turbulent flow
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21
Q

Coarse crackles indicate

A

Mucus

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22
Q

Cause of increased vocal resonance

A

Pneumothorax

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23
Q

Causes of reduced vocal resonance

A

Consolidation
Effusion
Collapse

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24
Q

Mediastinal shift can indicate

A

Pneumothorax

Lobar collapse

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25
Q

Signs of RHF

A 
Peripheral oedema 
Syncope
Pulmonary oedema
Fatigue 
Exertional dyspnoea 
Dizziness
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26
Q

Reduced air entry
Stony dull percussion
Reduced vocal fremitus

A

Effusion

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27
Q

Bronchial breathing/crackles, dull percussion, reduced VF

A

Consolidation

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28
Q

Fine crackles, clubeed

A

Fibrosis

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29
Q

Coarse crackles, clubbed, purulent sputum

A

Bronchiectasis

30
Q

When would you use a high resolution CT?

A

Bronchiectasis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

31
Q

Causes of raised calcium

A

Parathyroid cancer
Vitamin D overdose
Primary hyperparathyoidism
Secondary hyperparathyoidism

32
Q

Ix for pulmonary HTN

A

Echo (looking for reduced ejection fraction from RHS)

Spirometry (thinking about COPD)

33
Q

FEV1/FVC <70% indicates

A

Obstruction

34
Q

FVC <80% predicted indicates

A

Restriction

35
Q

Causes of restrictive lung disease

A

Fibrosis

Interstitial lung disease

36
Q

Causes of obstructive lung disease (FEV1 reduced)

A

COPD
Asthma
Bronchiectasis

37
Q

What do you want to measure in GBS and myasthenia gravis (respiratory wise)

A

FVC

38
Q

What is volumetric CT used for?

A

Cancer staging

Lymph nodes

39
Q

How much radiation is CT

A

2-4 years background radiation!

40
Q

What do you want to check in asthma

A

Peak flow

41
Q

Complications of oral steroid use

A

Oral thrush

42
Q

Complications of bronchiectiasis

A

Haemoptysis
Pulmonary HTN
Lobar collapse (mucus balls)
Type 2 respiratory failure (may see asterixis)

43
Q

Causes of bronchiectasis

A 
Idiopathic 
Post TB 
Immunodeficiency 
PCD
Tumour
44
Q

Ix for bronchiectasis

A

Spirometry
Sputum cultures
Aspergillis markers

45
Q

Mx of bronchiectasis

A 
MDT 
Physiotherapy; airway clearnace, drainage
Smoking cessation 
Prophylactic antibiotics 
Correct underlying causes
46
Q

Complications of lung cancer

A

Horner’s
SVCO
Endocrine issues (from SIADH, ACTH, ACE)

47
Q

Lung cancer Ix

A

PET-CT
Volumetric CT
Biopsy
Bronchoscopy

48
Q

Mx of non-small cell lung cancer

A

Surgical resection (lobectomy)
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Palliative

49
Q

Mx of small cell cancer

A

Chemo +/ radiation

50
Q

Cause of reduced cricosternal distance

A

COPD (because hyperexpanded lungs!)

51
Q

What may you see on COPD FBC

A

Polycythaemia (trying to increase O2)

52
Q

What scoring system can you use for COPD dyspnoea?

A

mMRC grading

4 = too breathless to get dressed

53
Q

Mx of COPD

A 
Bronchodilators (SABA/LABA)
ICS (low dose)
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Dietician 
Smoking cessation
54
Q

Classic inhaler for COPD and what does it have in it

A

Symbicort
Budenoside
Eformoterol

55
Q

Features of pleural effusion

A

Stony dull
Reduced expansion unilaterally
Reduced air entry
Decreased vocal fremitus

56
Q

Causes of pleural effusion

A 
Transudate = liver disease, cardiac, hypothyroidism 
Exudative = malignancy, infective
57
Q

Ix for pleural effusion

A

X-ray
Other imaging if necessary
Aspiration (diagnostic/therapeutic) = chest drain
Treat underlying cause

58
Q

Features of interstitial lung disease

A

Clubbing
Rheumatoid hands? (associated disease)
Fine inspiratory crackles
Erythema nodosum (sarcoid)

59
Q

Causes of interstitial lung disease

A 
Idiopathic 
Systemic sclerosis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Methotrexate 
Amiodarone 
Sarcoidosis 
Bird-fanciers lung
60
Q

Ix for ILD

A

Anti-CCP
Serum ACE levels
DH
SH (birds)

CXR
ABG

61
Q

Mx of ILD

A

MDT approach

Pulmonary rehabilitation

62
Q

Drug treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

Ninetabinib

63
Q

Signs of a pneumonectomy

A

Reduced expansion and no breath sounds on one side

64
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis, breathless and peripheral oedema =>

A

Interstitial lung disease causing RHF causing peripheral oedema

65
Q

FVC < FEV1 implies …

A

Restrictive lung disease

66
Q

Soap bubble osteolysis =>

A

Fibrous dysplasia
Normal tissue is being replaced with fibrous tissue
Pain in ribs and hips
Associated with McCune albright syndrome (cafe au lait and hyperthyroidism)

67
Q

Pain in shin of young child
Onion skinning of the periosteum seen on X-ray
What Chromosomal abnormality is often seen and what is the diagnosis?

A

11;22

Ewing’s sarcoma

68
Q

15yo with painful swelling in knee
Lytic lesion on X-ray with a raised periosteum (Codmans triangle)
Dx

A

Osteosarcoma

69
Q

50yo with urinary frequency

Pelvic X-ray shows fluffy calcification

A

Chondrosarcoma

Cartilage cancer of the bone

70
Q

Which time of bone disease is cartilage forming in bone

A

Enchondroma

Benign

General Finals & SBA Review (8 decks)

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