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General Finals & SBA Review > Specialties > Flashcards

Specialties Flashcards

1
Q

Premature infant, respiratory distress, chest X-ray shows ground glass appearance…

A

Surfactant deficiency

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2
Q

Surfactant deficiency risk factors

A

Prematurity
C-section
Male gender
Sepsis

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3
Q

Prophylaxis of surfactant deficiency

A

Give the mother steroids (prednisolone) to increase surfactant production in the infant

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4
Q

Jaundice <24hr is always…

A

Pathological

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5
Q

Which tests do you want to do for a jaundiced baby?

A

FBC
Coombs
Bilirubin levels

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6
Q

Causes of macrocytic anaemia

A

Alcohol
B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency

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7
Q

B12 deficiency symptoms

A

Neurology: peripheral neuropathy, depression
Angular stomatitis
Glossitis

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8
Q

What test do you need to do after 1st seizure?

A

ECG

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9
Q

What test do you need to do after 2nd seizure?

A

EEG

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10
Q

What test should you do for a focal seizure?

A

MRI head

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11
Q

Treatment for absence seizure

A

Sodium valproate

Lamotrigine

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12
Q

Side effects of sodium valproate

A

Weight gain
Hair loss
Liver damage

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13
Q

Tonic clonic seizure treatment

A

Carbamazepine

Note that it’s a CYP450 inducer

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14
Q

Refractory epilepsy drug

A

Phenytoin

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15
Q

Management of septic arthritis

A 
Joint aspiration (USS guided if needed, also lets you see effusion)
IV antibiotics 4-6w
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16
Q

After how many weeks can placenta previa be confirmed?

A

24 weeks

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17
Q

Management of placental abruption

A

C section

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18
Q

Features of vasa previa

A

Vaginal bleeding

Foetal bradycardia

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19
Q

When should you offer C-section

A

HIV with high viral load
Breech twin presentation
Breech when ECV has failed

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20
Q

Causes of uterine rupture

A

Retained Tissue
Reduced Tone
Trauma

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21
Q

Increased risk of uterine rupture if previous…

A

C-section

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22
Q

Previous C-section, offer what next birth?

A

CTG

Because of risk of uterine rupture

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23
Q

Frothy green discharge
Dyspareunia
Strawberry cervix

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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24
Q

Trichomonas treatment

A

Metronidazole

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25
Q

Sx of symptomatic gonorrhoea

A

Dysuria

Foul-smelling discharge

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26
Q

Salpingitis increases your risk of …

A

Ectopics

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27
Q

Symptoms of chlamydia

A

Infertility
Discharge
Dysuria

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28
Q

Treatment for chlamydia

A

Azithromycin

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29
Q

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

A

Fishy smell

Green discharge

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30
Q

Itchy burning vagina

White discharge

A

Candidiasis

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31
Q

Treatment for overactive bladder

A

Bladder retraining

Oxybutynin

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32
Q

Cause of overactive bladder

A

Detrussor overactivity

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33
Q

Normal CTG heart rate for foetus

A

100-160bpm

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34
Q

If PROM, should you do a vaginal examination?

A

NO

May induce infection

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35
Q

Where does fertilisation usually occur?

A

Ampulla of fallopian tubes

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36
Q

How can you induce pregnancy?

A

Stretch and sweep
Prost x2
AROM (amnihook)
Oxytocin infusion

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37
Q

Signs of uterine hyperstimulation

A

7< contracts in 15 minutes

STOP INFUSION!

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38
Q

Marker for ovarian cancer

A

CA125

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39
Q

At how many weeks can you offer IOL?

A

42w

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40
Q

Score to determine if the pregnancy will progress

A

Bishop’s score

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41
Q

Rubella during pregnancy can cause what for the baby?

A

Cataracts
Jaundice
Hepatomegaly

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42
Q

Listeria in pregnancy puts mother at risk of…

A

Miscarriage

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43
Q

Parvovirus can cause X in pregnancy

A

Hydrops fatalis

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44
Q

At what dilation is it considered active labour?

45
Q

Symptoms of endometriosis

A 
Abdominal pain 
Dyspareunia 
Secondary dysmenorrhoea
Subfertility
Fixed, retroverted uterus
Adnexal tenderness
46
Q

Most common causes of PID

A

Chlamydia

Gonorrhoea

47
Q

What Ix can you do for high risk of Down’s syndrome?

A

Choronic villus sampling

48
Q

How are perineal tears graded?

A 
1 = skin
2 = perineum but no anus involvement
3a = external sphincter affected
3b = internal 
3c = internal
4 = involves everything
49
Q

What test can you do to determine if anti-D is required?

50
Q

Sx of cervical cancer

A

Bleeding
Post-coital bleeding
Pain

51
Q

RF for cervical cancer

A

Smoking

HPV

52
Q

Unprovoked, painless bleeding in placenta previa, what should you do?

A

Admit them
High risk of further bleeding
Significant bleeding -> C section

53
Q

Cut off for being called a miscarriage

54
Q

RF for miscarriage

A

LLETZ
Anti-phospholipid syndrome
TORCH organisms

55
Q

What is chorioamnionitis?

A

Infection of the amniotic membranes

56
Q

Sx of chorioamnionitis

A

Fever
Abdo pain
Uterine tenderness
Foul-smelling liquor

57
Q

Mx of chorioamnionitis

A

Amoxicillin

58
Q

Why are pregnant women more likely to get UTIs?

A

Progesterone dilates the uterine system

Increases UTI and increases ascending renal infections

59
Q

Symptoms of ovarian torsion

A

Vomiting

Pain

60
Q

What do B-HCG levels do in a normal intrauterine pregnancy?

61
Q

What happens to serial B-HCG in an ectopic

A

It tails off slowly

Doesn’t double

62
Q

Dysmenorrhoea causes

A

Endometriosis
Cervical cancer
PID

63
Q

HELLP stands for

A

Haemolysis
Elevated liver enzymes
Low platelets

64
Q

Symptoms of HELLP syndrome

A

Nausea
Vomiting
RUQP (because haemorrhage of liver capsule)

Can lead to DIC and renal failure
Need senior help

65
Q

Pregnancy with jaundice, proteinuria, epigastric pain

A

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy

66
Q

Severe itching in pregnancy can be

A

Obstetric cholestasis

67
Q

Cut off for PPH

68
Q

Sx of vaginal prolapse

A

Discomfort
Dragging
Lump

69
Q

Sx of cystocele

A

Incontinence
Discomfort
Dragging
Lump

70
Q

How would you expect b-HCG to change with time in an intrauterine pregnancy?

71
Q

Causes of primary dysmenorrhoea

A

Endometriosis

PID

72
Q

When is the pregnancy viable?

73
Q

How does acute fatty liver of pregnancy present?

A 
Presents like cholestasis
Epigastric pain
Malaise 
N&V 
JAUNDICE 
Proteinuria
74
Q

When should you deliver with obstetric cholestasis?

75
Q

Post-coital bleeding could be

A

Ectopion

Cervical dysplasia

76
Q

First thought if post-menopausal bleeding?

A

Endometrial carcinoma

77
Q

Signs of preeclampsia

A 
Hypertension 
Proteinuria 
Hyperreflexia 
Headache
Oedema Vision changes
78
Q

Ix for infertility

A

Hysterosalpingogram

Sort out any obvious causes = PCOS

79
Q

Difficult to palpate the presenting part, appears to be a balotable object. What is going on?

80
Q

Crampy pains

Bloody mucus

A

Bloody show (loss of mucous plug)

81
Q

Sx of PID

A

Abdominal pain
Dyspareunia
Purulent discharge

82
Q

Mx of PID

A

Ceftriaxone

83
Q

Down’s testing

A

Nuchael translucency = screening
Quadruple test
Choronioc villus sampling = 11-14w
Amniocentesis = 15w (risk of miscarriage)

84
Q

What increases the risk of endometrial cancer?

A

Increased oestrogen exposure

85
Q

Indications for emergency C-section

A

Breech
Transverse lie
High HIV viral load

86
Q

Mx of herpes

87
Q

When can you give VZVIG?

A

Up to 10 days post-exposure

88
Q

Sx of fibroids

A

Bleeding
Infertility
Bloating

89
Q

Mx of stress incontinence

A

Pelvic floor exercises
Duloxetine
Surgical

90
Q

What can you test for premature ovarian failure (<40yo)

91
Q

Sx of premature ovarian failure

A

Hot flushes

Loss of libido

92
Q

Menopause =

A

12mo of amenorrhoea

93
Q

Complications of placenta accreta

A

Haemorrhage

Non-separation

94
Q

Definition of increta

A

Myometrium only (not all the layers)

95
Q

How quickly should the placenta be delivered after the birth?

A

30 minutes

96
Q

Mx of menorrhagia

A

Mirena coil

97
Q

CIN Mx

A

Ablation
Agglutination
Cone biopsy

98
Q

Components of the quadruple test

A

High B-HCG, Low AFP, Low oestradiol

99
Q

PPROM, what examination do you want to do?

A

Sterile speculum

100
Q

HSV in pregnancy results in X in the newborn

A

Encephalitis

101
Q

Sharp sudden abdo pain
Shock
Bit of blood vaginally

A

Placental abruption

102
Q

Eclampsia Mx

A

Magnesium sulphate

103
Q

How can you delay labour?

A

Toxolytic medications = atosiban (inhibitor of oxytoxin)

104
Q

Deliver Rh infant, what should you give

A 
Post-natal anti-D
Kleihauer test (determine how much and if truly necessary)
105
Q

Stage 3 ovarian cancer = where?

A

Confined to abdomen

106
Q

Bad HPV =

A

16 and 18

Associated with cervical cancer

107
Q

Ix for endometrial cancer

A

USS
Hysteroscopy
Endometrial biopsy with pipelle

108
Q

Cut off for endometrial hyperplasia on TVUSS

General Finals & SBA Review (8 decks)

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