Uneven development Flashcards
How is development affected by historical factors
War and conflict
Destruction of buildings slow down levels of development even after war is over
Money is spent on armies, crops and for protection
Colonisation
No education was delivered only 14 graduates in DR Congo after indepence from belgium
Not having a stable goverment leads to coruption
How is the development gap affected by economic factors?
Dept
Intredt back : less money for development
Poor trade links (landlocked)
Money is paid to neighbouring countries leads to less money for development
45 LIC/NEEs are paying for transport (taxes)
No access to the sea
Economy based on the primary sector
Do not make much profit due to the price fluctuation
Machinery is expensive
Farming fishing (low pay) less contribution to ecomonmy and bad working conditions and lowest profits (shell)
How is development affected by physical factors?
Climate extreme events Natural hazards
Extreme temperature leading to dry soil infertile so less food produced
Too much rain can lead to flooding
Poor farmland
stuggle for farmers
steep soil leads to limited food supplys
Few ram material
Less resources to use and sell
Money is spent on getting resources from other countries
Water supply
Less food made and less water for workers so they might get ill which leads to less money
Aid
Money or resources (e.g money or medicine) are given to a country by a charity or a forgein goverment
Money is used for development projects, e.g. for constructing schools, building dams and wells and providing faming knowlegde and equipment
Aid can definately help, but sometimes it is wasted by corupt goverments or once the money runs our projects can stop working if there isnt enough local knowledge or support
Example of aid
In 2018-2019, the UK provided over 180 million in aid to South Sudan, funding 17 projects that included improving access to water, healthcare and education
Investment
Foreign-direct investment (FDI) is when people or companies in one country buy property or invest in infrastructure another
FDI leads to better access to finance, technology and expertise, as well as improved infrastructure and industry, and in increase in services
Example of inverstment
Between 1987 and 2018, Vietnam recived FDI worth more than $182 billion, which helped to develop many industries, such as motorbike manufacturing and telocommunication
Industrial development
In countries with very low levels of development, agriculture makes up a large portion of the economy. Developing industry boosts GNI and development, as productivity, skills and infrastructure are improveved
Microfinance loans
Microfinance is when small loans are given to people in LICs who may not be able to get loans from banks. This enables them to start their own business and become finantually independent
Although it works for some people, it can also cause problems by encouraging people into dept
Its also not clear that it can clear provert on a large scale
Example of microfinance
In the Amhara reigo of ethiopia, people who joined a microfinance organisation benifited fron higher incomes and were able to invest in more livestocks
Fair trade
All about farmers in LICs getting a fair price for the goods they produce like coffee and bananas allowing them to provide for their families
Companies who want to sell products labelled as
“fair trade” have to pay producers a fair price
But there are problems like in some cases, only a tiny proportion of the extra money reaches the producers, while the rest boosts the retailers profits
Example of fairtrade
Buyers pay extra on top of that so that farmers recieve a premium to help develop their local area
e.g in 2016, Fairtrade tea farmers in Malawi used some of their perimium to expand their local hospital, build a new school and install a pipeline for clean water
Intermediate technology
Intermidiate technology includes tools, machines and systems that improve quality of life but are also simple to use, affordable to buy or build and cheap to maintain
Example of intermidate technology
E.g solar-powered LED lightbulbs are used in parts of Nepal where the only other lighting options are polluting and dangerous keosene lamps or wood fires. This allows people to work and children to study after dark. As a result, skills incomes and industrial output can inrcease
Dept relief
Dept relief is when some or all of a country’s dept is cancelled, or intrest rate are lowered meanig the counrty has more money to spend on development
