UNDERSTANDING THE SELF M1-M3 Flashcards
• Know Thyself
• An unexamined life is not worth living
• The only good is knowledge and the only evil is ignorance
SOCRATES
Said man is composed of Body and Soul:
SOCRATES
The ??? is immortal and perfect according to socrates
SOUL
- The ??? is impermanent and decays after a person’s death according to socrates
BODY
• Socrates’ most famous student and believes that the Soul has three parts
PLATO
Three parts of soul according to Plato
REASON, SPIRIT , APPETITE
part of the soul that true and good for the person according to plato
REASON
part of the soul seeks for honor and competitive values and governs a person’s emotions according to plato
SPIRIT
part of the soul accoding to plato that drawn to food, drinks, and sex
APPETITE
• Plato also asserts that the world has two characteristics, what are those?
VISIBLE AND NON VISIBLE ASPECT
• According to him the most important component of reality is accessible not to the sense but to the mind alone.
PLATO
• The father of Modern Philosophy, known philosophical statement is Cogito Ergo Sum “I think, therefore I am”.
RENE DESCARTES
Theory of descarte that one’s thoughts are a reflection of one’s beliefs, values, conditions, experiences, and development.
CARTESIAN DUALISM THEORY
asserts that there is a distinction between the mind and the body. To develop himself, man has to use his own mind and thinking abilities, which are independent from each other.
RENE DESCARTES
According to him all knowledge is derived from sense experience
DAVID HUME
According to him morality requires us to treat each person.
IMMANUEL KANT
Accrording to him people should be treated well with respect without manipulating just to achieve one’s goals.
IMMANUEL KANT
• He believed of the survival of consciousness after death.
JOHN LOCKE
From whom is the famous saying “Cogito Ergo Sum”?
RENE DESCARTES
Who believed the idea, “An unexamined life is not worth living”?
SOCRATES
Who suggested that moral goodness exists when the rational creatures acts from goodwill?
IMMANUEL KANT
Who highlighted the concept of personal Identity?
JOHN LOCKE
he attributed differences in suicide rates among people to social causes (religious differences) rather than to psychological causes (like their mental wellbeing) (Durkheim 1897).
EMILE DURKHEIM
created a theory of personality development based, in part, on the work of Freud. His theory includes eight stages of development,
ERIK ERIKSON
Theory about personality changes from time to time from birth to death
PSHYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
psychologist who specialized in child development who focused specifically on the role of social interactions in their development.
JEAN PIAGET
He believed that personality and sexual development were
closely linked, and he divided the maturation process into psychosexual
stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
SIGMUND FREUD
He asserted that people’s self
understanding is constructed, in part, by their perception of how others view them—a process termed “the looking glass self”
CHARLES COOLEY
He studied the self, a person’s distinct identity that is developed through social interaction. In order to engage in this process of “self,” an individual has to be able to view him or herself through the eyes of others.
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
captured this idea in this concept of self-schema or our organized system or collection of knowledge about who we are.
CARL ROGERS
Carl roger beieves that the self-concept has three differetn components. What are those?
SELF-IMAGE , SELF-ESTEEM, IDEAL SELF
Self image and ideal self mismatch
INCONGRUENT
According to him, personality is divided into the id, ego, and superego.
SIGMUND FREUD
the selfish part of us which develop at birth, the raw unorganized part of personality, concerned with satisfying our personal desires and irrational impulses such as hunger, thirst aggression and sex and strove to constantly reduce .based on the pleasure principle.
ID
serves as the balance between the demand of the ID and the realities of the outside world. It is the only region of the mind in contact with reality. It is governed by the reality principle.
EGO
represents society’s, and, in particular, the parent’s values and standards. The superego places more restrictions on what we can and cannot do.
SUPER EGO
Two components of superego
CONSCIENCE , EGO-IDEAL
prevents a person form doing morally bad things
CONSCIENCE
inspires a person to do what is morally proper
EGO - IDEAL
This personality is optimistic tending to see the bright side of life. warm-hearted, cheerful and makes friends easily. Its body fluid is blood.
SANGUINE
is easily depressed. He is moody, seldom smile and seems to see the dark side of life. The prominent body fluid is bile.
MELANCHOLIC
is slow and calm in its behavior. He is cautious and deliberates carefully before taking an action. The body fluid is phlegm.
PHLEGMATIC
This is a personality that is of the nervous type. They are easily provoked and behave aggressively when they fail to accomplish their goals. They prominent body fluid is the yellow bile.
CHOLERIC
represent an unconscious mediation by the ego of id impulses which are in conflict with the wishes and needs of the ego and/or superego.
DEFENSE MECHANISM
means finding reasonable explanations for unreasonable or unacceptable behavior to make them sound logical and acceptable or putting something into a different light or offering a different explanation for one’s perceptions or behaviors in the face of a changing reality.
RATIONALIZATION
is done when a person refuses to accept the reality of fact, acting as if thought or feeling did not exist.
DENIAL
is the unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts, feelings and impulses. In this mechanism, the ego involuntarily excludes from consciousness any painful thoughts, feelings, memories, or impulses.
REPRESSION
means attributing one’s own undesired thoughts, feelings or impulses to another person who does not have those thoughts, feelings, or impulses.
PROJECTION
refers to a denial and reversal of one’s feelings.
REACTION FORMATION
is the channeling of unacceptable impulses, thoughts, and emotions into more acceptable ones.
SUBLIMATION
is the channeling of energy away from one person or object to an alternative.
DISPLACEMENT
“I” AND “ME” BY????
WILLIAM JAMES
can be thought of as a separate object or individual a person refers to when describing their personal experiences.
ME
the abstract sense of personal identity.
I
Who introduces the development of personality according to psychosocial stages?
ERIK ERIKSON
It is the self that we think we want to be and what we strive to be.
IDEAL SELF
is the personality trait of seeking fulfillment from sources outside the self or in community. High scorers tend to be very social while low scorers prefer to work on their projects alone.
EXTROVERSION
reflects much individuals adjust their behavior to suit others. High scorers are typically polite and like people. Low scorers tend to ‘tell it like it is’.
AGREEABLENESS
is the personality trait of being honest and hardworking. High scorers tend to follow rules and prefer clean homes. Low scorers may be messy and cheat others
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
the personality trait of being emotional.
NEUROTICISM
is the personality trait of seeking new experience and intellectual pursuits. High scores may day dream a lot. Low scorers may be very down to earth.
OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE
is stage of development at which individuals become sexually mature.
PUBERTY
describe areas of the body that are highly sensitive to stimuli and are often (but not always) sexually exciting.
EROGENOUS ZONES
two types of erogenous zones exist in the skin
NONSPECIFIC TYPE AND SPECIFIC TYPE
It is similar to any other portion of the usual haired skin. The nerves supplying it are composed of the usual density of dermal-nerve networks and hair-follicle networks.
NONSPECIFIC TYPE
Examples of this type of skin are the sides and back of the neck, the axilla (armpit, underarm) and the sides of the thorax (chest).
NONSPECIFIC TYPE
It is found in the mucocutaneous regions of the body or those regions made both of mucous membrane and of cutaneous skin.
SPECIFIC TYPE
These specific sites of acute sensation are the genital regions, including the prepuce, penis, the female external genitalia (vulva), the perianal skin, lips, and nipples.
SPECIFIC TYPE
is the retractable fold of skin covering the tips of the penis. Nontechnical name: foreskin. It is also a similar fold of covering the tip of the clitoris (Collins English Dictionary).
PREPUCE
is a male erectile organ of copulation by which urine and semen are discharged from the body (Splendorio & Reichel, 2014).
PENIS
A female sexual organ that is small, sensitive, and located in front of the opening of the vagina.
CLITORIS
are larger outer folds of the vulva.
LABIA MAJORA
also known as the inner labia, inner lips, vaginal lips or nymphae are two flaps of skin on either side of the human vaginal opening in the vulva situated between the labia majora
LABIA MINORA
is the opening that leads to the vaginal canal.
VAGINAL INTROITUS
is a membrane that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening.
HYMEN
refers to the area of the body surrounding the anus, and in particular, the skin. very sensitive. It is susceptible to injury and damage.
PERIANAL SKIN
are soft, movable, and serve as the opening for food intake and in the articulation of sound and speech.
LIPS
are the raised region of tissue on the surface of the breast.
NIPPLES
is the most important part of the brain for sexual functioning.
HYPOTHALAMUS
It is known as the “love hormone” and believed to be involved in your desire to maintain close relationships. It is released during sexual intercourse when orgasm is achieved.
OXYTOCIN
It is responsible for ovulation in females. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Durham, N.C., discovered that sexual activity was more frequent during a woman’s fertile time.
FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE(FSH)
is crucial in regulating the testes in men and ovaries in women. In men, It stimulates the testes to produce testosterone. In males, testosterone appears to be a major contributing factor to sexual motivation.
LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)
is involved in the male arousal phase. The increase of vasopressin during erectile response is believed to be directly associated with increased motivation to engage in sexual behavior.
VASOPRESSIN
typically regulate motivation to engage in sexual behavior for females,
ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE
This stage is marked by physical attraction. You want to seduce and be seduced by your object of affection
LUST (erotic passion)
At this stage, you begin to crave for your partner’s presence. You feel excitement and energetic as you fantasize about the things you could do together as a couple. Three chemicals trigger this feeling: norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin.
ATTRACTION (romantic passion)
responsible for the extra surge of energy and triggers increased heart rate, loss of appetite, as well as the desire to sleep. Your body is in a more alert state and is for action.
NEROPINEPHRINE
associated with motivated and goal-oriented behavior. It makes you pursue you object of affection. It creates a sense of novelty, where the person seems exciting, special, or unique that you want to tell the world about him or her admirable qualities.
DOPAMINE
thought to cause obsessive thinking. Low levels of this are said to be present in people with obsessivecompulsive behavior (OCD).
SEROTONIN
is typically viewed as an interest in sexual objects or activities.
SEXUAL DESIRE
motivation to seek sexual activity or sexual gratification.
SEX DRIVE
is a person’s emotional and erotic attraction toward another individual.
SEXUAL ORIENTATION
These are females who are exclusively attracted to women.
LESBIAN
This can refer to males who are exclusively attracted to any other males. It can refer to anyone who is attracted to his or her same gender.
GAY
someone who is sexually/romantically attracted to both men and women.
BISEXUAL
is an umbrella term for people who do not identify with the gender assigned to them at birth.
TRANSGENDER
people who are born with a mix of male and female biological traits that can make it hard for doctors to assign them a male or female sex;
INTERSEX
person who is not interested in or does not desire sexual activity.
ASEXUAL
is a label – male or female – that you’re assigned by a doctor at birth based on the genitals you’re born with and the
SEX
