Understanding Student Differences Flashcards
What are the main uses and limitations to IQ testing?
Main use was to quantify student performance in order to identify needs and help and improve, not label and limit. Limitations include only being able to measure outward demonstrations of intelligence, the test is only geared toward classroom achievement, scores can be improved by studying for the test, doesn’t measure outside things like motivation.
Describe Spearman’s general intelligence view:
There is a general intelligence tendency where if you score well (or poorly) on one type of testing you will do the same on other tests. Intelligence has two factors, a general intelligence factor, and a specific intelligence factor that aids in specific tasks.
Describe Wechsler’s Global intelligence view:
capacity of the individual to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment.
Describe Sternberg’s Successful intelligence:
analytical: breaking ideas and products into their component parts, making judgments, evaluating, comparing and contrasting, and critiquing.
practical: applying knowledge to everyday situations, using knowledge and tools, and seeking relevance.
creative: inventing, discovering, imagining, and supposing
WICS stands for: wisdom, intelligence, creativity, and success. The triarchic view is now called successful intelligence or WICS
Describe Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence:
Logical-Mathematical: sensitivity to, and capacity to discern, logical or numerical patterns; ability to handle long chains of reasoning.
Linguistic: sensitivity to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words; sensitivity to the different functions of language
Musical: abilities to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timbre; appreciation of the forms of musical expression
Spatial: capacities to perceive the visual-spatial world accurately and to perform transformations on one’s initial perceptions
Bodily-Kinesthetic: abilities to control one’s body movements and handle objects skillfully
Interpersonal: capacities to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of other people
Intrapersonal: access to one’s own feelings and the ability to discriminate among them and draw on them to guide behavior; knowledge of one’s own strengths, weaknesses, desires, and intelligences
Naturalist: ability to recognize and classify the numerous plants and animals of one’s environment and their relationships on a logical, justifiable basis; talent of caring for, taming, and interacting with various living creatures
What are Kagan’s two learning styles?
Reflective and Impulsive
Explain Kagan’s two learning styles:
Reflective: spend more time collecting information and analyzing its relevance before giving an answer to a problem
Impulsive: quick responses to questions, answers without taking much time to gather much information or giving much thought
What are Witkin’s two learning styles?
Field-dependent and field-independent
Explain Witkin’s two learning styles:
Field-Dependent: perception is strongly influenced by the prevailing field
Field-Independent: successful in isolating target information despite the fact that it is embedded within a larger and more complex context
What are the 5 categories of mental self-government styles according to Sternberg?
Functions, forms, levels, scope, and leaning
Describe the functional learning styles of legislative, executive, and judicial:
Legislative: prefers to formulate rules and plans, imagine possibilities, and create ideas and products.
Executive: prefers to follow rules and guidelines.
Judicial: prefers to compare things and make evaluations about quality, worth, effectiveness
What are some of the gender differences in the classroom?
Males tend to outscore females in visual-spatial ability, mathematical operations, and college entrance exams.
Females tend to outscore males in memory and language use
How does gender bias affect students?
There are three main ways gender bias affects students: the courses the choose to take, the careers they consider, and the extent to which they participate in class activities and discussions
