Understanding some basic ECG disturbances Flashcards

1
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

Heart rate <60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Heart rate >100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some common cardiac arrhythmias?

A
  • bradycardia
  • tachycardia
  • cardiac conduction abnormalities
  • supraventricular arrhythmia
  • ventricular arrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the PR interval?

A

P wave to start of QRS complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a normal PR interval?

A

120 - 200 ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the PR segments show?

A

Between atrial and ventricular depolarisation caused by AVN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the PR segment?

A

Between end of P wave and start of QRS complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the ST segment?

A

Between the end of the QRS complex and start of T wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can the ST segment tell us about the heart?

A

Problems with coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the normal QRS complex length?

A

<120 ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can cause ST segment elevation?

A

Blockage in coronary artery - MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the ST interval?

A

Between the end of QRS complex and end of T wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the QT interval?

A

Between the start of QRS complex and end of T wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can the QT interval be used for?

A

Some people are predisposed to arrhythmia and it is marked by long QT interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the steps taken to analyse an ECG?

A
1 - correct reading?
2 - identify leads
3 - check calibration
4 - identify rhyhthm
5 - look at QRS axis
6 - look at p wave
7 - look at PR interval
8 - look at QRS complex
9 - position of ST segment
10 - calculate QT interval
11 -Look at T wave
12 - check
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a normal QT interval?

A

380-420 ms

17
Q

What does sinus tachycardia look like?

A

Normal rhythm just very fast (normally physiological response to something e.g. hypovolaemia, stress)

18
Q

What does atrial fibrillation look like?

A

Dis-coordinated contraction of atria - don’t have one P wave but many little waves (fibrillation). Irregularly irregular QRS complex. Atrial and ventricular rate is fast

19
Q

What is atrial flutter

A

More coordinated than fibrillation (around the AV valve continuously in the right atrium).

20
Q

What does atrial flutter look like on an ECG?

A

Saw-toothed pattern P wave. Regular ventricular rhythm and rate is 150. Atria rate is high.

21
Q

What are two types of SVT?

A

atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT)

22
Q

What does SVT look like on an ECG?

A
  • Tachycardia
  • No clear P wave
  • Lots of QRS complexes that are narrow
23
Q

What is AVNRT and why does it cause that ECG trace?

A

Impulse is going round and round the AVN so the P and QRS are simultaneous and only QRS is seen. P wave may be just after QRS complex

24
Q

What is pre-excitation syndrome and what does it look like on the ECG?

A

P wave without iso-electric line - straight to QRS complex (which is slurred - called a delta wave). Caused by people having accessory pathways between the atria and ventricles so no property of AVN.

25
What is AVRT?
Can be caused by an accessory pathway. Rhythm down AVN and back up the accessory pathway to atria
26
Heart block - AV nodal block
1st degree 2nd degree 3rd degree - worst (complete heart block)
27
What is a 1st degree block and what does it cause in the ECG?
Too much of a pause before ventricular systole. Long PR interval. Caused by diseased AV node. Still 1:1 P wave to QRS.
28
What is a 2nd degree block and what does it cause in the ECG?
Some P waves don't get to ventricles - impulse may be lost. Some P waves are not followed by QRS complex
29
What is Mobitz Type 1 (2nd degree block) and its appearance on ECG?
PR interval gradually increases and then a dropped beat. Once AVN cannot cope anymore, QRS is missed
30
What is Mobitz Type 2 (2nd degree block) and its appearance on ECG?
Some missing beats but no gradual P interval lengthening. Fixed PR interval then missing beat
31
What is a 3rd degree block and what does it cause in the ECG?
AV node doesn't work so no conduction to ventricles. Ventricles fir on their own and so P and QRS are not associated - may occur regularly but independent. Look at P and QRS relationship to identify.
32
What does a bundle branch blockage look like on an ECG and which electrodes are used?
Seen in QRS complex. | QRS complex widens and morphology changes depending on which bundle branch is blocked and the lead. Look at chest leads
33
What does RBBB look like on an ECG?
Bunny ears and wide QRS
34
What does LBBB look like on an ECG?
Deep negative S wave and wide QRS
35
What does ventricular fibrillation look like?
Broad, irregular QRS complex (amplitude and rhythm)
36
What does ventricular tachyarrhythmia look like?
Rapid, regular, broad
37
What is Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome and what does it look like on an ECG?
Accessory pathway and short PR interval causing ventricular pre-excitation giving a delta wave. Can predispose to AVRT.