Anatomy of the heart and circulation Flashcards
What is proximal?
close
What is distal?
further
What is midline?
Mid saggital
What is sagittal?
Line seperating into right and left
What is coronal plane?
Line seperating into anterior and posterior
What is a transverse plane (axial)?
horizontal plane
What is the mediastinum?
space between the two pleural cavities
What are the regions of the mediastinum?
Superior and inferior
Anterior and posterior
Middle
What are the main vessels of the heart?
- Aorta
- Pulmonary trunk
- Inferior + superior vena cava
- Pulmonary vein
What is the pericardium?
A fibroserous sac which surrounds the heart and its great vessels
What are the layers of the pericardium?
Fibrous (outer)
Serous - consists of 2 parts, the parietal (lines the fibrous) and visceral layer (adheres to the heart)
The pulmonary trunk
It bifurcates and each branch goes to either lung
What are the branches of the aortic arch?
- Brachiocephalic trunk first
- Then the left common carotid artery
- Then the left subclavian artery
What are the layers surrounding the heart?
1) fibrous
2) parietal
3) pericardial cavity
4) visceral
What does common mean?
It divides further
What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?
It is on the right side
- bifurcates into the right subclavian artery (body) and right common carotid artery (head)
What does brachiocephalic mean?
Brachial - arms
Cephalic - head
Blood returning from the head and the upper limbs
What are the brachiocephalic veins?
What do they join to form?
Right brachiocephalic - formed from the right internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein
Left brachiocephalic vein - formed from the left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein
They form the SVC
Which valves are on the right side of the heart?
Tricuspid valve - anterior, septal and posterior cusp
Pulmonary valve - anterior semilunar cusp, left semilunar cusp and right semilunar cusp
Which valve is on the left side of the heart?
Mitral valve - anterior and posterior cusp
Where do the coronary arteries originate?
Just above the aortic valve
Where do the right and left coronary arteries originate?
right - above the right cusp of the aortic valve
left - above the left cusp of the aortic valve
What are circumflex vessels?
Vessels that supply areas around a circumference
There are circumflex branches of the coronary arteries.
What are coronary veins?
All coronary veins join into the coronary sinus which acts as a collecting duct. It delivers the blood to the right atrium The veins are named depending location, size and turns
The conducting system of the heart
AP starts at the SAN - to the atria via the Bachman’s bundle and internodal tracts. It gets to the AVN and then down the bundle branches and to the ventricles via conduction pathways.
