Anatomy of the heart and circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is proximal?

A

close

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2
Q

What is distal?

A

further

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3
Q

What is midline?

A

Mid saggital

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4
Q

What is sagittal?

A

Line seperating into right and left

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5
Q

What is coronal plane?

A

Line seperating into anterior and posterior

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6
Q

What is a transverse plane (axial)?

A

horizontal plane

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7
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

space between the two pleural cavities

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8
Q

What are the regions of the mediastinum?

A

Superior and inferior
Anterior and posterior
Middle

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9
Q

What are the main vessels of the heart?

A
  • Aorta
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Inferior + superior vena cava
  • Pulmonary vein
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10
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

A fibroserous sac which surrounds the heart and its great vessels

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11
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous (outer)

Serous - consists of 2 parts, the parietal (lines the fibrous) and visceral layer (adheres to the heart)

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12
Q

The pulmonary trunk

A

It bifurcates and each branch goes to either lung

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13
Q

What are the branches of the aortic arch?

A
  • Brachiocephalic trunk first
  • Then the left common carotid artery
  • Then the left subclavian artery
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14
Q

What are the layers surrounding the heart?

A

1) fibrous
2) parietal
3) pericardial cavity
4) visceral

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15
Q

What does common mean?

A

It divides further

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16
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

A

It is on the right side

- bifurcates into the right subclavian artery (body) and right common carotid artery (head)

17
Q

What does brachiocephalic mean?

A

Brachial - arms
Cephalic - head
Blood returning from the head and the upper limbs

18
Q

What are the brachiocephalic veins?

What do they join to form?

A

Right brachiocephalic - formed from the right internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein

Left brachiocephalic vein - formed from the left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

They form the SVC

19
Q

Which valves are on the right side of the heart?

A

Tricuspid valve - anterior, septal and posterior cusp

Pulmonary valve - anterior semilunar cusp, left semilunar cusp and right semilunar cusp

20
Q

Which valve is on the left side of the heart?

A

Mitral valve - anterior and posterior cusp

21
Q

Where do the coronary arteries originate?

A

Just above the aortic valve

22
Q

Where do the right and left coronary arteries originate?

A

right - above the right cusp of the aortic valve

left - above the left cusp of the aortic valve

23
Q

What are circumflex vessels?

A

Vessels that supply areas around a circumference

There are circumflex branches of the coronary arteries.

24
Q

What are coronary veins?

A

All coronary veins join into the coronary sinus which acts as a collecting duct. It delivers the blood to the right atrium The veins are named depending location, size and turns

25
The conducting system of the heart
AP starts at the SAN - to the atria via the Bachman's bundle and internodal tracts. It gets to the AVN and then down the bundle branches and to the ventricles via conduction pathways.