Understanding 'Place'

Question 1

‘Place is critical to the construction of identity’ means that a place can determine what different things about your identity

Answer 1

Your perspective/ views/ beliefs of the world
The language you speak
What you wear
Whether you follow a specific religion
What type of life you live (e.g if you like watching sport because that’s what everyone where you lives does/ if you like going for countryside walks because you live in the countryside)
What’s important to you

Etc

Question 2

The ‘power of place’ means that places can hold ‘…’ or ‘…’ power

Answer 2

Physical
Political

E.g London (for example Trafalgar Square) holds political power as it’s where lots of protests take place

Question 3

Cockney is an example of local identity and is a term used to describe people who are born within earshot of the ….
It describes the indigenous working class culture of …London and is associated with street traders, rhyming slang, dishes such as jellied eels and pies and mash

Answer 3

Bow Bells
East

Question 4

…is a term used to describe people who are born within the distance of hearing the Bow Bells. It describes the indigenous working class culture of East London and is associated with street traders, rhyming slang and dishes such as jellied eels and pie and mash

Answer 4

Cockney

Question 5

3 key things associated with ‘cockneys’ (the indigenous working class culture of East London)

Answer 5

Street traders
Rhyming slang
Dishes such as jellied eels and pies and mash

Question 6

2 dishes associated with ‘cockneys’ (the indigenous working class culture of East London)

Answer 6

Jellied eels
Pies and mash

Question 7

What is meant by the term cockney

Answer 7

Someone who is born within earshot of the Bow Bells
It describes the indigenous working class culture of East London and can be associated with street traders, rhyming slang and dishes such as jellied eels and pies and mash

Question 8

What is meant by the term cockney

Answer 8

Someone who is born within earshot of the bow bells
It describes the indigenous working class culture of East London and can be associated with street traders, rhyming slang and dishes such as jellied eels and pies and mash

Question 9

True or false, local identity means that people have an identity linked to/ connected to a certain place

Answer 9

E.g The local identity of people from East London, ‘Cockneys’, includes being street traders, speaking in rhyming slang and eating lots of jellied eels and pies and mash

Eating jellied eels is linked to this area of East London.
Using rhyming slang is linked to this area of East London
Being street traders is linked to this area of East London etc

(This aspects of people’s identities e.g their job, food they eat and language they use are linked to where they’re from (the place))

Question 10

An example of regional identity is people from…who have specific views on how to have cream and jam in scones (which way round they should go), have their own flag and have their own language associated with the area

Answer 10

Cornwall

Question 11

Location vs locale vs sense of place

Answer 11

Location= where is place is (the coordinates on a map)
Locale= The effect that people have on their setting (the idea that places are shaped by people)
Sense of place= The subjunctive and emotional attachment that people have to a place

Question 12

…refers to where the place is (the coordinates on the map)

Answer 12

Location

Question 13

…refers to the effect that people have on their setting (the idea that places are shaped by people)

Answer 13

Locale

Question 14

…refers to the subjunctive and emotional attachment that people have to a place

Answer 14

Sense of place

Question 15

The…movement is a grassroots movement that aims to promote wellbeing and belonging by building strong and healthy communities so that people feel like they can belong to a place

Answer 15

Transition Town

Question 16

The 3 ways of theorising place are a…approach, a….approach or a ….approach

Answer 16

Phenomenological
Social constructionist
Descriptive

Question 17

The 3 ways of …a place are using a phenomenological approach, a social constructionist approach or a descriptive approach

Answer 17

Theorising

Question 18

When theorising a place, a descriptive approach focuses on the …of a place and the idea that every place is distinct

Answer 18

Unique characteristics

Question 19

What is the social constructionist approach to theorising a place

Answer 19

It looks at why the place is the way it is and the processes that have occurred overtime (e.g deindustrialisation) that have led to the place being the way it is today

Question 20

What is the phenomenological approach to theorising place

Answer 20

It looks at how individuals experience a place and the personal relationship between a person and a place

Question 21

What approach to theorising place focuses on how individuals experience place and the personal relationship between a person and a place

Answer 21

Phenomenological

(Think P for phenomenological and P for Person)

Question 22

What approach to theorising place focuses on why a place is the way that it is and the set of processes that have led to the place being the way it is today (e.g deindustrialisation in London)

Answer 22

Social constructionist

(Think constructionist links to construction meaning how the place was constructed e.g the processes that have led the place to being how it is)

Question 23

What approach to theorising place focuses on the unique characteristics of a place

Answer 23

Descriptive

Question 24

What approach to theorising place focuses on the unique characteristics of a place

Answer 24

Descriptive

Question 25

Positionality refers to..

Answer 25

Factors such as gender, race, ethnicity, religion, age, sexuality and disability that influence how we perceive and experience a place

Question 26

…refers to factors such as gender, race, ethnicity, religion, age, sexuality and disability that influence how we perceive and experience a place

Answer 26

Positionality

Question 27

…places means that not everyone experiences places in the same way

Answer 27

Contested

Question 28

Material traces of a place refers to…

Answer 28

Physical features/ additions to the place e.g buildings, signs and statues

Question 29

Non material traces of a place refers to…

Answer 29

Events/ performances/ emotions that occur in that place

Question 30

Why is Kos an example of a contested place

Answer 30

Contested places are places where not everyone experiences the place in the same way
Refugees and tourists don’t experience Kos in the same way as for tourists it’s a relaxing, luxurious, and privileged experience whilst for refugees it can be quite a traumatic and uncomfortable experience as their future remains unknown and they have very little access to basic resources like food, shelter and water

Question 31

Why is Kos an example of a contested place

Answer 31

Contested places are places where not everyone experiences the place in the same way
Refugees and tourists don’t experience Kos in the same way as for tourists it’s a relaxing, luxurious, and privileged experience whilst for refugees it can be quite a traumatic and uncomfortable experience as their future remains unknown and they have very little access to basic resources like food, shelter and water

Question 32

Why is Kos an example of a contested place

Answer 32

Contested places are places where not everyone experiences the place in the same way
Refugees and tourists don’t experience Kos in the same way as for tourists it’s a relaxing, luxurious, and privileged experience whilst for refugees it can be quite a traumatic and uncomfortable experience as their future remains unknown and they have very little access to basic resources like food, shelter and water

Question 33

Insider vs outsider perspective of a place

Answer 33

An insider perspective is the perspective of a place from someone who is familiar with the place and has a strong relationship with the place (the relationship can be good or bad)
An outsider perspective is the perspective of a place from someone who is less familiar with the place so has a weaker relationship with the place

Typically insiders have a stronger sense of belonging and identity with a place than an outsider

Question 34

….exclusion is the concept that dominant groups in society who have social/ political/ economic power determine who is allowed to be in a place and how they should behave. This then leads to the exclusion of some groups in society from those places

Answer 34

Socio-spatial

Question 35

Socio-spatial exclusion is the concept that…groups in society who have…/…/…power determine who is allowed to be in a place and how they should behave. This then leads to some groups in society from being excluded from those places

Answer 35

Dominant
Social/ political/ economic

Question 36

Hostile architecture meaning

Answer 36

A strategy used in urban places to deter certain groups of people from using that space
E.g sloping benches, anti-homeless spikes on the ground/ under sheltered areas and benches divided by armrests excludes homeless people by making it uncomfortable for them to sleep in those places

(The benches divided by armrests means that homeless people can’t physically lie down as the armrests are in the way, sloping benches are impractical for homeless people to sleep on due to their shape, spikes on the ground are too uncomfortable to lie on)

Question 37

3 examples of hostile architecture (ways to deter homeless people from sleeping in public places by making it uncomfortable/ impractical for them to do so)

Answer 37

Sloping benches
Benches divided by armrests
Anti-homeless spikes on the ground

Question 38

One key group of people that are socially excluded from society are ….

Answer 38

Homeless people
(Unemployed so excluded from world of work)
(Often not in contact with/ separated from friends and family)
(Often on ‘margins’ of society e.g HIV positive, mentally ill, victims of domestic violence)

Question 39

One key group of people that are spatially excluded from society

Answer 39

Homeless people
(Due to hostile architecture and an increasing number of laws that criminalise homelessness e.g sleeping in public and giving food to the homeless)

Question 40

The part of the country where many ethnic minorities (e.g Africans and Asians) feel excluded from are…places

Answer 40

Rural
This is because most immigrant populations moved to urban areas like London and Birmingham and people want to follow their family/ friends/ be near other people who speak the same language as them/ like the same food as them etc

Question 41

…is a national project that builds connections between black and ethnic minority communities and the countryside e.g via the YHA and National Park authorities.

These makes these people feel a greater sense of belonging in the countryside and makes the place more familiar to them

Answer 41

Mosaic

Question 42

What is meant by a private (there are lots of definitions that you could use)

Answer 42

It belongs to/ is for the use of a particular person or group
It’s secret/ confidential (in terms of information)
It’s out of public view/ not accessible to the general public

Question 43

What is meant by public (there are lots of definitions we could use)

Answer 43

It’s open to all people
It’s maintained at public expense/ is under public control
It’s generally known

Question 44

Places are constantly being transformed by economic/ cultural/ political/ environmental forces so we say that places are…

Answer 44

Dynamic

Question 45

Places are described as being… because they are constantly being transformed by economic/ demographic/ cultural/ political/ environmental forces

Answer 45

Dynamic

Question 46

Places are described as being dynamic because they are constantly being transformed by…/…/…/…/… forces

Answer 46

Economic
Demographic
Political
Cultural
Environmental

Question 47

3 key examples of dynamic places (dynamic places are places that are constantly being transformed by one or more of the following forces: environmental, cultural, economical, political, demographic)

Answer 47

Kiribati (environmental force)
Shanghai (political force- area being transformed with new skyscrapers and into a ‘Special Economic Zone’)
Boston, Lincolnshire (demographic/cultural/economic force- immigration has led to too high rent prices but also more workers to harvest vegetables in Boston)

Question 48

Experienced places are places that…

Answer 48

A person has spent time in

Question 49

A…place is a place that a person has spent time in

Answer 49

Experienced

Question 50

A…place is a place that a person has only read about/ seen in a film but not spent any time in

Answer 50

Media

Question 51

A media place is a place that…

Answer 51

A person has only read about/ seen in a film but not spent any time in

Question 52

True or false, the concept of private and public spaces is very black and white

Answer 52

False
E.g private spaces can be publicly owned
A certain building can have public access but have private rooms within it (e.g offices)
A certain building can be private (e.g a company/ business) but everywhere in the building is public
For cinemas anyone can get a ticket (they’re public) but they’re private in the sense that you have to have a ticket to be allowed in

Question 53

Places can be either near or far both…and….(in terms of what e.g they’re far in terms of what)

Answer 53

Emotionally
Geographically

E.g if you live in England but grew up in Australia then Australia is probably emotionally near (close) but geographically far

Question 54

An example of a privately owned public space in New York is…Park. There are lots of things that are prohibited e.g using bikes/ skateboards, camping, putting up tents, removing objects e.g from bins etc

Answer 54

Zucotti

Question 55

An example of a very public space is the National Stadium in…
There is a lack of rules over the area, anyone is welcome, people can do what they like e.g open air aerobic classes/ selling food/ drying laundry/ milling about etc

Answer 55

Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Question 56

Glastonbury is located in the county of…in the…of England (location). One way that part of it has been shaped by people is into a setting for a huge music festival held annually on a farm (locale). For people that love live music and attend Glastonbury festival each year, they will likely have a strong positive emotional attachment to the place as they associate it with a place of having fun and experiencing a good form of entertainment. Meanwhile for a random person who lives in Syria for example, they would likely have never heard of the festival nor been to it so would have no emotional connection to the place whatsoever (sense of place)

Answer 56

Somerset
South West

(Glastonbury is an example you can use to help show the difference between location, locale and sense of place)

Question 57

Glastonbury is located in the county of…in the …of England

Answer 57

Somerset
South West

(It’s an example used to show the difference between location, locale and sense of place)

Question 58

An example of a place that was culturally important and formed a key part of the identity for Bosnians was the…Bridge. It was a treasure of the Ottoman Empire, a key symbol of Bosnia-Herzegovina and was an expression of Bosnian culture that connected different Muslim Communities together

Answer 58

Mostar

When bridge was purposely destroyed by Croatian Soldiers, many people felt that their cultural identity had been unrightfully taken away to the point where the bridge was rebuilt some years later using some of the original bricks and materials that were collected from the river

Question 59

An example of a key landmark that is/ was culturally important

Answer 59

The Mostar Bridge
It was one of the key symbols of Bosnia-Herzegovina, a treasure of the Ottoman Empire, a way to link the different Muslim communities together who lived either side of the river and formed a key part of the cultural identity of the people who lived there.

After it was purposely destroyed by Croatian Soldiers, many people felt like their cultural identity had been unrightfully taken away from them to the point where the bridge was rebuilt some years later, using some of the original bricks and materials that were collected from the river. This shows just how much sentimental value and cultural value it held as people were so strongly effected by it that they wanted the bridge to be rebuilt, where possible from the same bricks etc