Physical and Human Factors affecting Places

Question 1

What are endogenous factors

Answer 1

Factors shaping a place that originate from within the place/ have been present for a long time e.g the topography, physical geography, land use, infrastructure, location, economic characteristics, demographic characteristics etc

(These factors make a place distinctive from other places e.g if one place has mountains and another place is full of of factories)

Question 2

The character of a place is the…and…features that help distinguish that place from another place

Answer 2

Physical
Human

Question 3

An example of an endogenous factor that has shaped Christchurch in Dorset is…

Answer 3

Demographic characteristics (an ageing population)

Question 4

An example of an endogenous factor that has shaped the Lake District in Cumbria (England) is…

Answer 4

Physical geography (hills and mountains)

Question 5

What are exogenous factors

Answer 5

Factors shaping the character of a place that are external/ have come from elsewhere e.g the flows of people/ resources/ investment/ ideas into an area

Question 6

How flows of people into an area (exogenous factor) can shape the character of a place

Answer 6

Rural to urban migration in LEDCs leads to the explosion of mega cities e.g Lagos in Nigerian (so what was traditionally countryside is now an urban area)

Immigration can lead to places becoming more culturally diverse: people dress differently, speak different languages, follow different religions, eat different foods, set up their own restaurants/ food shops/ clothes shops/ hairdressers etc

Question 7

Exogenous vs endogenous factors (they’re both factors that shape a place)

Answer 7

Endogenous factors originate form within the place/ have been present for a long time
Exogenous factors are external and come from elsewhere

Question 8

Increased ‘placelessness’ is a downside of …. and means that places are becoming very similar to each other that they are losing their unique/ distinct character

Answer 8

Globalisation

Question 9

In the UK, a ….describes settlements where the high streets are dominated by chain stores e.g Starbucks and links to the idea of ‘placelessness’ where places are no longer very distinct from each other

Answer 9

‘Clone town’

Question 10

In the UK, a ‘clone town’ describes a settlement where the …is dominated by….e.g Starbucks

Answer 10

High street
Chain stores

(This links to the idea of ‘placelessness’ as places are becoming so similar to each other that they no longer have unique/ distinctive characteristics

Question 11

Glocalisation meaning (this is different to globalisation)

Answer 11

Where multinationals companies adapt to the local marketplace e.g In Hindu countries beef has been removed from the McDonalds menu and McCafes are more common in countries with a coffee culture

(It combines the words ‘globalisation’ and ‘localisation’)

Question 12

…is where Multinational companies adapt to the local marketplace e.g in Hindu countries beef has been removed from the McDonalds menu

Answer 12

Glocalisation

Question 13

The…of a place is a response that tries to counteract the impacts of globalisation. The people who live in that local area try to promote local goods and services e.g independent coffee shops over costa and Starbucks in order to prevent the area from becoming a ‘clone town’ that’s dominated by chain stores and to help it maintain its local character

Answer 13

Localisation

Question 14

What is meant by the localisation of a place

Answer 14

Local goods and services are promoted in that area e.g independent coffee shops over Costa and Starbucks
Prevents the area from becoming a ‘clone town’ where the high streets are dominated by chain stores
Helps to maintain the area’s local character

(Makes the place more local to try and resist globalisation from taking over)

Question 15

Example of localisation of a place

Answer 15

Totnes Pound in Totnes, Devon (their own local currency)
Introduced by local environmentalists
Could only be spent in local and independent shops and businesses
Encourages more people to spend money in the local economy
Helped to retain Totnes’ unique character
Helped to withstand the increasing temptation of large businesses taking over as part of globalisation

Question 16

An example of localisation is ….where they introduced their own local currency

Answer 16

Totnes, Devon
(The Totnes Pound)

Question 17

What is topography

Answer 17

The shape/ form of the land including the relief

Question 18

Outline how topography can contribute to the character of a place (4)

Answer 18

Topography is the form and shape of the land e.g the relief

Where there are mountainous areas, villages are often built along the length of the valley, giving the village a linear structure. Often these villages will be isolated from other places which gives the place a strong sense of community and a greater sense of place identity

Topographical features such as mountains can be composed of a specific rock type which may then be used to build the local houses, giving them a distinct look and giving the place its character. For example the ‘slate villages’ in North Wales which is known for teh houses being built of local slate and the culture of the area is deeply connected with the slate.