Understanding Cells and Bone Anatomy Flashcards
What is atrophy in the context of skeletal muscles?
refers to the wasting away or reduction in size of skeletal muscles often due to non-recovery from permanent injuries
Which cellular components are absent in mature red blood cells?
lack nuclei, and certain organelles like mitochondria which are present in other cells
What role does the plasma membrane play in cellular function?
the plasma membrane acts as a selective barrier, allowing certain substances in and keeping harmful entities out
How do prokaryotic cells differ in genetic material storage compared to eukaryotic cells?
prokaryotic: don’t have a nucleus, and store genetic material differently within the cell
eukaryotic: store genetic material inside the nucleus
Identify the differences between axial and appendicular skeleton
axial bones, like the skull and vertebral column do not move but provide stability
appendicular bones facilitate movement
Name the cranial bones and one function
frontal bone (forehead)
parietal bones (top and sides protection)
temporal bones (enclose ear structures)
occipital bone (contains foramen magnum for spinal cord passage)
What are sutures, and what role do they play in skull anatomy?
sutures are fibrous joints that connect cranial bones, allowing the skull to flexibly expand during growth
Discuss the significance of the mastoid process and supra orbital foramen in medical applications
the mastoid process, located at the temporal bone, is significant for muscle attachment, while the supra orbital foramen is a site targeted in procedures like botox
List the type of bones included in the axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
Why is wearing helmets important for children under two?
cranial bones fully formed by age two, so helmets are crucial for protecting the skull from potential injuries before complete ossification
How do procedures like braces and plastic surgery use facial bone structures for modification?
these procedures manipulate specific bones such as the maxilla and mandible to alter facial features or correct alignment
What is the primary function of the thoracic cage in the axial skeleton?
protects vital organs like the heart and lungs, and supports the shoulder girdle
Compare and contrast the stability and fracture susceptibility between axial and appendicular bones
axial bones are more stable and less prone to fracture
appendicular bones are designed for movement and are more susceptible to injuries
What unique challenge does he lack of a nucleus in red blood cells present for cellular identification?
the absence of a nucleus in red blood cells makes them unable to perform typical genetic tests used for cellular identification
Define the term ‘supraorbital foramen’ and its location
an opening for nerves and blood vessels located above the eye socket in the frontal bone
