Key Concepts in Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
Explain the fluid model of the plasma membrane
describes the plasma membrane as a dynamic structure with phospholipid bilayers that allow lateral movement, making the membrane adaptable and preventing easy bacterial and viral entry
What is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
essential for maintaining the membrane’s structural integrity; it strengthens the lipid layer and affects membrane fluidity
Differentiate between glycoproteins and proteoglycans
glycoproteins: predominantly protein with sugar attached
proteoglycans: mainly sugar with proteins added
Describe the processes of phagocytosis and pinocytosis
phagocytosis involves engulfing solid particles
pinocytosis involved engulfing liquid substances
How does receptor-mediated endocytosis work?
involves the entry of substances like viruses into the cell via binding to specific cell receptors before being internalized
What is the function of the golgi apparatus in cells?
packages proteins into vesicles for transport to their specific destinations within or outside the cell
How do ribosomes interact with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer)?
Ribosomes attached to the RER synthesize proteins, which are then modified and processed within the RER
What roles does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ser) play in the cell
the SER is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes, lacking ribosomes unlike the RER
Identify two primary features of the occipital bone
the occipital bone contains the foramen magnum and occipital condyles
What is the significance of HDL and LDL in the plasma membrane?
HDL is considered ‘good’ cholesterol that enhances membrane fluidity, while LDL is ‘bad’ cholesterol that hampers it
Why is naming the majority component in glycoproteins and proteoglycans important?
helps indicate the predominant component in the molecule, which determines its classification and function
What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?
contain enzymes that digest cellular debris and break down waste materials
How does exocytosis contribute to cellular function?
exocytosis expels materials from the cell, crucial for processes like neurotransmitter release
What diet recommendations were provided to manage cholesterol levels?
consuming fish skin for omega fatty acids and oatmeal to manage LDL and HDL balance helps in cholesterol management
Describe the significance of lateral movement in the phospholipids bilayer
lateral movement allows for the fluidity and adaptability of the plasma membrane, enabling proper function and defensive mechanisms
