Under Lesson 1: Historical Timeline Flashcards
Archibald Garrod discovered that some diseases might be inherited
1902
First draft sequences of the human genome are released at the same time by the Human Genome Project and Celera Genomics
2000
Edmund Beecher Wilson and Nettie Stevens, working independently, proposed that certain chromosomes determine sex. They show that a single Y chromosome determines maleness, and two copies of the X chromosome determine femaleness
1905
The Human Genome Project is launched
1990
Kary Mullis discovered the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), enabling lengths of DNA to be multiplied
1983
William Johannsen used the term ‘gene’ to describe the carrier of heredity, ‘genotype’ to describe an organism’s genetic make-up, and ‘phenotype’ to describe an organism’s outward appearance
1909
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty used bacteria to show that DNA is the hereditary material
1944
The genome of H. influenzae is sequenced. This is the first complete genome of an organism
1995
Alfred Henry Sturtevant mapped the genes on the fruit fly’s sex chromosomes
1911/1913
Sutton and Boveri, working independently, suggested that each egg and sperm cell contains only one of each chromosome pair
1903
Mendel’s work was rediscovered by three scientists: Hugo De Vries, Erich von Tschermack, and Carl Correns
1900/1901
Gregor Mendel published his investigations into inheritance of pea plants
1865/1866
Walter Sutton observed chromosomes in grasshopper cells
1900
Bateson gave the term ‘genetics’
1906
The first human gene is sequenced by Francis Collins and Lapchee Tsui. It is the gene that causes cystic fibrosis.
1989
DNA from virus is sequenced for the first time by Frederick Sanger, Walter Gilbert and Allan Maxam, working independently
1977
Rebecca Cann, Mark Stoneking, and Allan Wilson analyze mitochondrial DNA in different human races. They declared that humans have a common ancestor who lived 200,000 years ago.
1987
Frederick Griffith discovered ‘transformation’ in bacteria
1928
Morgan published “The Theory of the Gene”
1926
Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei work out the genetic code
1963-1966
Sir William Henry Bragg and his son discover that X-rays can be used to study the molecular structure of simple crystals, such as salt
1912
James Watson and Francis Crick proposed that DNA molecule is a double-stranded helix
1953
Thomas Hunt Morgan proved that genes are carried on chromosomes. He also showed that some characteristics are carried on the sex chromosome
1910
Cystic fibrosis became the first genetic disease to be treated using gene therapy.
1993
The Human Genome Project is successfully completed on _______
April 14, 2003
Erwin Chargaff finds the amounts of adenine and thymine in DNA are about the same, as area the amounts of guanine and cytosine
1949
Theodor Boveri suggested that chromosomes are involved with inheritance
1890
