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Cytogenetics > Lesson 2: Inheritance > Flashcards

Lesson 2: Inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

An allele that is masked by a dominant allele (e.g. a in Aa)

A

Recessive

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2
Q

maternally inherited

A

cytoplasmic inheritance

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3
Q

Genetic make up of an organism (e.g. AA, Aa, or aa)

A

Genotype

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4
Q

Father of Modern Genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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5
Q

mitochondrial traits

A

cytoplasmic inheritance

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6
Q

Genes for different traits assort independently

A

Law of Independent Assortment

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7
Q

Traits are controlled by multiple genes, resulting in CONTINUOUS VARIATION IN TRAITS
(human height, skin color)

A

polygenic inheritance

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8
Q

An allele that masks the effect of another (e.g. A in Aa)

A

Dominant

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9
Q

Alleles separate during gamete formation

A

Law of Segregation

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10
Q

Having two different alleles for a gene (Aa)

A

Heterozygous

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11
Q

Blending of traits
(red + white = pink)

A

incomplete dominance

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12
Q

red + white flower = pink flower

A

incomplete dominance

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13
Q

one gene masks or modifies the expression of another

A

epistasis

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14
Q

Special patterns of Inheritance

A
  1. Incomplete Dominance
  2. Codominance
  3. (pleiotropy)
  4. Polygenic Inheritance
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15
Q

A unit of heredity that is transferred from parent to offspring

A

gene

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16
Q

results in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes

A

non-disjunction

17
Q

Both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed
(ABO blood group)

A

codominance

18
Q

Human height

A

polygenic traits

19
Q

the observable traits of an organism

20
Q

Phenotypic ratios of Dihybrid F2 generation

21
Q

labrador coat color

22
Q

Three laws of Mendelian Genetics

A

Law of:
1. Dominance
2. Segregation
3. Independent Assortment

23
Q

having two identical alleles for a gene (AA or aa)

A

Homozygous

24
Q

different forms of a gene (e.g. A or a)

25
Q

Dominant traits mask recessive in heterozygotes

A

Law of Dominance

26
Q

Violates independent assortment

A

gene linkage

27
Q

blood type AB

A

Codominance

28
Q

down syndrome

A

non-disjunction

29
Q

Phenotypic ratios of Monohybrid F2 generation

30
Q

a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits (a single gene controls multiple traits)
(Marfan syndrome)

A

pleiotropy

31
Q

determines genotype by crossing with a homozygous recessive individual

A

test cross

32
Q

Drosophila

A

gene linkage

33
Q

pedigree symbol

A

Square = male
Round = female

Cytogenetics (6 decks)

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