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Cytogenetics > Lesson 3: Chromosomal Basis of Heredity > Flashcards

Lesson 3: Chromosomal Basis of Heredity Flashcards

1
Q

types of DNA

A
  1. Genomic DNA
  2. Mitochondrial DNA
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2
Q

the first researcher to work out the structure of tRNA.

A

Robert Holley

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3
Q

used bacteriophages labeled with radioactive sulfur (proteins) and phosphorus (DNA)

A

Hershey-Chase Experiment (1952)

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4
Q

types of RNA

A
  1. mRNA
  2. tRNA
  3. rRNA
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5
Q

what bacteria does Frederick Griffith used

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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6
Q

what nitrogenous base does DNA uses

A

thymine

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7
Q

Found in chromosomes; controls traits

A

Genomic DNA

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8
Q

they devised the key experiments to decipher the genetic code

A

Nirenberg and Khorana

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9
Q

carries genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes

A

mRNA

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10
Q

Contains instructions necessary to construct an entire organism

A

Information

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11
Q

Information must provide the _____ to determine the inherited traits of an organism

A

blueprint

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12
Q

Concluded DNA, not protein, is the genetic material

A

Hershey-Chase Experiment (1952)

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13
Q

He conducted a series of experiments using Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria and mice

A

Frederick Griffith in the year 1928

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14
Q

Isolated “transforming principles” as DNA

A

Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod (1944)

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15
Q

2 related strains of bacteria that Griffith used in his experiments

A

R strain: non-virulent (rough)
S strain: virulent (smooth)

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16
Q

transfer amino acids during protein synthesis

17
Q

what nitrogenous base does RNA uses

18
Q

combines with proteins to form ribosomes

19
Q

Structures of DNA

A
  1. Double-stranded helix
  2. Antiparallel strands (5’ to 3’ and 3’ to 5’)
  3. Strands joined by complementary base pairs (A-T, C-G)
  4. DNA wraps around histones to form nucleosomes
20
Q

Allows phenotypic variability within species

21
Q

Must be copied

A

Replication

22
Q

DNA-degrading enzymes eliminated transforming activity

A

Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod (1944)

23
Q

a structure that carried amino acids and arranged them in a certain order that corresponded to the sequence in the nucleic acid strand.

24
Q

Circular, maternally inherited, linked to diseases

A

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

25
Q

must be inheritable (passed from parents to offspring)

A

Transmission

26
Q

What a genetic material should fulfill:

A
  1. Information
  2. Transmission
  3. Replication
  4. Variation

Cytogenetics (6 decks)

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