Uncontrollable Factors

Question 1

What are intrinsic factors caused by?

Answer 1

Body size, shape etc

Question 2

What are uncontrollable factors caused by?

Answer 2

Genetic or congenital reasons

Question 3

Trainable Factors Associated With Injury?

Answer 3

• Coordination
• Incorrect body weight
• Poor Posture
• Lack of joint mobility
• Lack or imbalance of muscle strength

Question 4

Age of average bone mass peak?

Answer 4

Between 20 and 40 years of age

Question 5

Average reductions in bone properties per decade from 20 year +

Answer 5

5-9% for ultimate tensile stress and strain and 12% for energy absorption for failure

Question 6

Tissue properties change in older athletes

Answer 6

Decreases in bone mass of 0.5-1% in men and 1-2% in women annually after
35-40.

Question 7

What population most prevalent with overuse injuries?

Answer 7

Older athletes, with wear and tear

Question 8

Ligaments and time

Answer 8

decrease in failure strength and
energy absorption before failure, which
leads to an increase in joint stiffness and
injury susceptibility.

Question 9

Gender differences in injury risk?

Answer 9

• A wider pelvis
• Smaller bones and surfaces
• greater rate of loss of bone with age
• Less muscle mass and higher fat content

Question 10

Pacing in elite-standard marathons?

Answer 10

women are better at pacing in marathons (they

slow less in the second half) and are less likely to drop out than men

Question 11

Reasons for abnormal gait

Answer 11

Neurological disorders
 Skeletal disorders
 Muscular disorders
 Pain
 Age
 Personality

Question 12

Biomechanics Abnormalities causing injury?

Answer 12

Leg Length Discrepancy

• Length
• functional

Gena Varum (bow leggedness)

Knock Knees

Question 13

What is trendelenberg gait

Answer 13

Gait problems arising from weak hip abductors (eg. gluteus medius)

Question 14

What problems can flat feet lead to?

Answer 14

Internal tibial torsion and

increased internal femoral rotation

Shin splints

Question 15

High Arched Feet can lead to?

Answer 15

external tibial

torsion and increased external femoral rotation