UMSL SG Theories Flashcards
Psychodynamic Theory
Little/no Free Will
The assumption that unconscious cause lies behind every mental process is known as: primary process thinking, secondary process thinking, psychic determinism, consensual validation. Psychodynamic theory is predicated on the assumption that there is an unconscious which informs one’s life. Psychic determinism – the idea that personality and behavior are determined more by psychological factors than by biological conditions or current life effects.
ID
The only component of personality that is around from birth. Entirely unconscious and includes instinctive & primitive behaviors. Source of all psychic energy, the primary component of personality.
Strives for the immediate gratification of desires. LIZARD BRAIN
EGO
Responsible for dealing with reality. Ensures that impulses can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world. Functions in the conscious, preconscious & unconscious mind. Based on the reality principle - strives to satisfy the id’s desires realistically & appropriately.
SUPEREGO
This is our sense of right & wrong. Provides guidelines for making judgment. Emerges around age 5. Guilt is here.
Ego Strength
Ego’s ability to function despite dueling forces
Freud - psychosocial development
Oral (brith - 12 mon)
Anal (1-3)
Phallic (3-6)
Latent (6-12)
Genital (12+)
Ego Psychology (Anna Freud/Erickson/et al.)
Focus on the healthy individual; basic drives are influenced by the environment and critical periods.
Based on scientific determinism - individuals are products of the past, understanding the past helps explain the present.
Ego Psych Individual Adaptation to environment
*Suggestion - therapist plants seed/idea
*Abreaction - talk through strong emotions to release tension
*Manipulation - directly influencing action steps
*Clarification/Interpretation - identify patterns of thought, use reflective listening to make sense of thought process
Gestalt therapy
Emphasize the current experiences of the client in the here and now. Patient learns to recognize their needs and how the drive to satisfy those needs may influence their behavior. Gestalt theory argues that behavior is more than the sum of its parts.
Gestalt Techniques
Psychodrama
skillful frustration
dream work
empty chair
Rules of Gestalt Therapy
Directed awareness - speak in the present tense only
Use of “I” Language - accept responsibility for self and own actions
Restricting and planning the use of questions. Avoiding “why” questions b/c the tend to refocus attention to others and away from the self.
Object Relations Theory
Child must separate/individuate from mother to move forward with development.
Uses transitional objects (teddy) to separate/differentiate from parent
Individuation occurs when child develops
*inner representation of caregiver
*ability to test reality
*sense of time
*awareness that others exist independent of child
Rapproachment is the final phase (knowledge XYZ exists even when not with you)
Client-Centered Theory (Carl Rogers)
Goal of therapy is to release an already existing capacity for self-actualization in a potentially competent individual
Techniques
- non-directive active listening with lots of reflection
Developmental Stages
middle latency, late latency, early latency, the phallic stage: 3. early latency (ages 6-8) is a time when the child is cognitively able to separate fact from fantasy and is able to work logically and systematically on different tasks (Piaget).
The child is yet unable to consider alternative ways of thinking or doing, thus she clings to what she “knows” something. I.e., something is black or white, all or nothing. The world is experienced an understood in terms of absolutes
Reparative Theory
Therapy that starts with the assumption that all people are born heterosexual and the purpose is to cure or convert homosexuals to heterosexuals
