Umbilical Hernia

Question 1

True Umbilical

Occur in about 3% of live births as a result of a defect in the ? fascia at the umbilical ring (where the umbilical ? passed), specifically ? closure of the umbilical cicatrix.
- They are more common in ?, ? and ? babies.

Answer 1

transversalis
vessels
incomplete
male
black
prem

Question 2

True Umbilical

They are covered by ? as opposed to an ? (covered by a translucent sac), which requires ? surgery.
- They are generally asymptomatic, more prominent on ?/? but reducing easily, and very rarely becoming ?.

Answer 2

skin
exomphalos
urgent
coughing
laughing
obstructed

Question 3

True Umbilical

They cause ? agitation/ distress, but ?need surgical management as ?% retract by the age of ? (consider repair in a child >?).

Answer 3

parental
rarely
90
2
2

Question 4

Paraumbilical

An ? hernia that occurs just above/ below the umbilicus.
They are caused by ? ?, so more common in ?, ? aged, ? women.

Answer 4

acquired
incr iap
obese
middle
multiparous

Question 5

Paraumbilical

They present with a localised ? pain and ? hernia over time, often ? with ? from intermittent obstruction of the bowel.
Again they are mainly reducible, but due to the ? neck they commonly
?/ obstruct.

Answer 5

dragging
enlarging
tender
colic
small 
strangulate

Question 6

Paraumbilical

As such, ? operative management is advised, with excision of the sac and
stitching of the ? ? (? ‘soperation) the most common treatment, although ? repairs may be required for larger defects.

Answer 6

early
rectus sheath
mayo
mesh