ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells

Question 1

explain the structure of the nuclear envelope

Answer 1

double membrane structure with pores
inner and outer membranes are phospholipid bilayers

Question 2

nuclear envelope function

Answer 2

pores allow the passage of ions, molecules and RNA between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

Question 3

what is nucleoplasm?

Answer 3

the fluid inside the nucleus, it contains chromatin and the nucleolus

Question 4

explain features of the nucleolus

Answer 4

largest substructure within the nucleus
made of proteins, RNA and DNA

Question 5

main function of the nucleolus

Answer 5

the site where ribosomes are made

Question 6

features of mitochondria

Answer 6

double membraned
cristae
mitochondrial matrix

Question 7

what is the purpose of the mitochondrial matrix?

Answer 7

contains enzymes used for respiration

Question 8

features of chloroplasts

Answer 8

inner & outer membranes
thylakoids
granum
lamellae

Question 9

what is a thylakoid?

Answer 9

stacked fluid-filled membrane sacs

Question 10

what is a granum?

Answer 10

each individual stack of thylakoids (plural=grana)

Question 11

what are grana linked by?

Answer 11

lamellae

Question 12

what is lamellae

Answer 12

thin parts of the thylakoid membrane

Question 13

what is the stroma?

Answer 13

the fluid enclosed by the inner membrane, that surrounds the grana