cell structure

Question 1

structure of nucleus

Answer 1

contains a nucleolus,
nucleoplasm and
nuclear envelope

Question 2

structure of nuclear envelope

Answer 2

double membraned structure with a number of pores
inner and outer membrane

Question 3

what is the structure of the inner and outer nuclear envelope membrane?

Answer 3

a phospholipid bilayer

Question 4

what does the nuclear envelope do?

Answer 4

contains pores which control the passage of ions, molecules and RNA between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm

Question 5

what is the nucleoplasm?

Answer 5

the fluid inside the nucleus where we can find the nucleolus and chromatin

Question 6

what is the cell wall of fungi made of?

Answer 6

chitin

Question 7

function of nucleus

Answer 7

contains cells DNA
controls cell activity
produces ribosomes (nucleolus)

Question 8

structure of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

network of membrane-bound sacs and tubules that extend through the cytoplasm, connecting to the nuclear envelope

Question 9

state the 3 organelles that plant, algal and fungal cells have that animal cells don’t

Answer 9

cell wall
chloroplasts
vacuole

Question 10

what are 3 organelles unique to animal cells?

Answer 10

centrioles, cilia and flagella

Question 11

what is the cell wall made up of in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 11

peptidoglycan

Question 12

3 functions of the cell wall

Answer 12

supports the cell
prevents cell from bursting
allows exchange of substances between cells

Question 13

cytoplasm structure

Answer 13

cytosol (fluid)

Question 14

function of cytoplasm

Answer 14

site of chemical reactions

Question 15

structure of cell membrane in eukaryotes

Answer 15

phospholipid bilayer (single membrane)
membrane proteins

Question 16

chloroplasts structural features

Answer 16

stroma (fluid)
thylakoids (discs)
grana
inner and outer membrane

Question 17

what is grana?

Answer 17

stacks of thylakoids

Question 18

how is the DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 18

DNA is circular, free in the cytoplasm

Question 19

which cell type contains larger ribosomes?

Answer 19

eukaryotic cells (80s rather than 70s)

Question 20

what is the cell wall made up of in eukaryotic cells? (plants, fungi)

Answer 20

cellulose or chitin

Question 21

function of RER

Answer 21

protein synthesis and transport (ribosomes are attached)

Question 22

function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

lipid and carbohydrate synthesis

Question 23

function of golgi apparatus

Answer 23

modifies and packages proteins into vesicles

Question 24

function of lysosomes

Answer 24

contain hydrolytic enzymes for breakdown of waste/pathogens

Question 25

function of vesicles

Answer 25

transport materials within the cell

Question 26

where in a cell are ribosomes made?

Answer 26

in the nucleolus

Question 27

describe the function of golgi vesicles

Answer 27

transports proteins/lipids

Question 28

which organelle is involved in synthesising and processing lipids?

Answer 28

the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 29

describe the structure of mitochondria (5pts)