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ECHO Tech Program > Ultrasound Physics > Flashcards

Ultrasound Physics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of related or proportional?

A

Two items that are associated or affiliated. However, the relationship between the items does not have be specified.

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2
Q

What is the definition of inversely related or inversely proportional?

A

Two items are associated such that when one item increases, the other decreases.

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3
Q

What is a reciprocal relationship?

A

When two numbers with a reciprocal relationship are multiplied together, the result is one.

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4
Q

Are reciprocal numbers inverse?

A

Yes. Reciprocal numbers are inverse because when one increases, the other decreases.

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5
Q

What do all numerical values have to have?

A

A corresponding unit. Such as inches, feet, liters.

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6
Q

What are units of length?

A

Distance or circumference: centimeters, feet

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7
Q

What are units of area?

A

Centimeter squared, ft. Squared

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8
Q

What are units of volume?

A

Centimeters cubed or feet cubed

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9
Q

What does increase by a factor mean?

A

Increased by a factor means to multiply by that number.

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10
Q

What does increase by a factor of six mean?

A

Six times larger.

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11
Q

What does decrease by a factor mean?

A

Decrease by a factor means to divide by that number.

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12
Q

What does decrease by a factor of 3 mean?

A

One third

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13
Q

A number followed by the word ————– is unitless.

A

Percent

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14
Q

What is the complimentary metric unit for billions and billionths? What are the abbreviations? What are the powers?

A

Giga and nano, G and n, Giga = 10 to the ninth, nano = 10 to the -ninth

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15
Q

What is the metric unit names for millions and millionths? What are the abbreviations? What are the exponents?

A

Mega and micro, M and u, Mega = 10 to the sixth, micro = 10 to the -sixth

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16
Q

What are the metric prefixes for thousand and thousandths? What are the abbreviations? What are the exponents?

A

Kilo and milli, k and m,
kilo =10 to the third
milli =10 to the -third

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17
Q

What are the metric prefixes for hundreds and hundredths? What are the prefixes? What are the abbreviations?

A

hecto and centi, h and c
hecto = 10 to the second
centi = 10 to the -second

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18
Q

What is the metric prefixes for tens and tenths? What are the abbreviations? What are the exponents?

A

deca and deci, da and d
deca = 10 to the first
deci = 10 to the -first

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19
Q

What is the definition for directly related or directly proportional?

A

Two items that are associated such that when one item increases, the other increases.

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20
Q

Define period.

A

The time from the start of ONE cycle to the start of the next cycle.

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21
Q

What units is PERIOD reported in? Typical values?

A

Microseconds, units of time; 0.06 to 0.5 us (microseconds)

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22
Q

PERIOD is determined by ……..

A

Sound source only, not by the medium.

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23
Q

Is the PERIOD adjustable?

A

No

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24
Q

What is the relationship between frequency and period?

A

Inversely related, and reciprocal.

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25
Q

Define FREQUENCY.

A

Frequency is the number of cycles that occur in one second in ultrasound. Outside of ultrasound, it is the number of events per specific duration of time.

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26
Q

What type of units is frequency reported in? What are the typical values for FREQUENCY in ultrasound?

A

Hertz. 2MHz to 15MHz.

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27
Q

What is 1 hertz?

A

One cycle per one second = one hertz

28
Q

What is another way to say 2 MHz to 15MHz?

A

2 million to 15 million per second

29
Q

FREQUENCY is determined by the……

A

Sound source only.

30
Q

Is FREQUENCY adjustable?

A

No

31
Q

What is processed into images?

A

Reflections arising from boundaries between structures in the body.

32
Q

What do all waves carry from one location to another?

A

Energy

33
Q

Sound is a __________ wave in which particles in the medium move.

A

Mechanical

34
Q

What does sound have to travel through?

A

A medium

35
Q

What happens to the molecules when sound travels through a medium?

A

Molecules are alternately compressed and rarefied

36
Q

Sound travels in a _______ line and sound waves are __________(direction) waves.

A

Straight; longitudinal

37
Q

Define acoustic propagation properties.

A

The effects of the medium on the sound wave.

38
Q

Define biological effects.

A

The effects of the sound wave upon the biological tissue through which it passes.

39
Q

The effects of the medium on the sound wave is termed……

A

Acoustic propagation properties

40
Q

The effects of the sound wave upon the biologic tissue through which it passes is called……

A

Biologic effects

41
Q

How are sound waves identified?

A

By oscillations in acoustic variables.

42
Q

What are the three acoustic variables that are used to distinguish between sound waves and other types of waves?

A

Pressure, density and distance

43
Q

Define pressure.

A

Concentration of force in an area.

44
Q

What are the units for PRESSURE?

A

Pascals, Pa

45
Q

Define density.

A

Concentration of mass in a volume.

46
Q

What are the units for DENSITY?

A

kg/cm3

47
Q

Define DISTANCE.

A

Measure of particle motion.

48
Q

How do you tell if a wave is a sound wave?

A

If one of the acoustic variables has a rhythmic oscillation.

49
Q

What is another term for sound waves?

A

Acoustic waves

50
Q

What are the seven acoustic parameters that are used to describe the characteristics of a sound wave?

A

Period, frequency, amplitude, power, intensity, wavelength, propagation speed

51
Q

What occurs in a transverse wave?

A

Particles move in a direction that is perpendicular to the direction that the wave propagates.

52
Q

How do particles move in a longitudinal wave?

A

Particles move in the same direction that the wave propagates.

53
Q

When are waves considered “in-phase”?

A

When their peaks occur at the same time and at the same location. Also their troughs.

54
Q

When two waves peaks (and troughs) occur at different times the waves are said to be…..

A

Out of phase

55
Q

What is the combination of two waves that lose their individual characteristics and combine to form a single wave called? What is this combining of waves a result from?

A

Interference; multiple sound beams arriving at an identical location at the same time

56
Q

What are the two different ways the interference of waves can be described as?

A

Constructive interference, destructive interference

57
Q

The interference of a pair of “in-phase” waves is called……

A

Constructive interference

58
Q

The interference of a pair of “out-of-phase” waves us called….

A

Destructive interference

59
Q

The interference of “in-phase” waves results in the formation of….

A

A single wave of greater amplitude than either of its components.

60
Q

The interference of a pair of “out-of-phase” waves results in the formation of…..

A

A single wave of lesser amplitude than at least one of its components.

61
Q

What happens when two out-of-phase waves are of equal amplitude?

A

Complete destructive interference may occur. The waves are cancelled out.

62
Q

What happens when waves of different frequencies interfere?

A

Both constructive and destructive interference occurs

63
Q

What describes the features of a sound wave?

A

Parameters

64
Q

What is the SOURCE of a sound wave?

A

The ultrasound system and the transducer

65
Q

Another name for tissue is called…..

A

Medium

ECHO Tech Program (3 decks)

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