ECHO 100 - WEEK ONE Flashcards
What is the normal cardiac chamber pressure and O2 saturation for the RIGHT VENTRICLE?
15-30 mmHg; 1-5 mmHg; 75%
What is the normal cardiac chamber pressure and O2 saturation for the LEFT ATRIUM?
5-12 mm Hg; 98%
What is the normal cardiac chamber pressure and O2 saturation for the LEFT VENTRICLE?
100-140 mm Hg; 5-12 mmHg; 98%
What chamber or vein of the heart has the lowest O2 saturation?
The coronary sinus with 60% oxygen saturation.
What is another term for “anterior” portion of the body?
Ventral
What is another term used for the “posterior” portion of the body?
Dorsal
List the parasternal long axis view anatomy.
Right Ventricle (RV), Right Ventricle Free Wall (RVFW), Interventricular Septum ( IVS), Apex, Left Ventricle (LV)
What is the starting location for the probe when looking for PLAX?
Left second intercostal space at the parasternal border with the dot pointing in the direction of the right shoulder.
Recite blood flow through the heart.
IVC/SVC - RA -Tricuspid Valve - RV - Pulmonary Valve - Left Pulmonary Artery/Right Pulmonary Artery - LUNGS - Left Pulmonary Vein/Right Pulmonary Vein - LA - Mitral Valve - LV - Aortic Valve - Aorta
What is the normal cardiac chamber pressure and O2 saturation for the RIGHT ATRIUM?
1-5 mm Hg; 75%
What does a transthoracic echocardiogram of the heart allow us to study?
The anatomy, motion, blood flow through the heart, and adjacent areas
What are three contraindications for a TTE?
Combative patient, morbidly obese, and those with interstitial air from chest trauma
Hertz is the unit for . . .
Cycles per second
What frequency does cardiac ultrasound use?
2–12 MHz
What are the advantages from a clinical perspective for a TTE?
Requires minimal staffing, minimal equipment, is portable, and provides immediate information
A transducer converts ______to ________ and _________ back to ________.
Converts electrical pulses to sound waves and sound waves back to electrical pulses
What shape does the transducer transmit the ultrasound pulses into the chest in?
Shape of a beam
Ultrasound cannot pass through ________ or __________?
Bone or air
The ultrasound transducer is placed in _____________on the chest wall in order to obtain ___________________ of the cardiac structures, greater vessels and adjacent areas.
Standardize windows, standardized images
TTE cardiac transducers have what range of frequencies?
2.0 to 10 MHz
How does the cardiac sonographer control the transducer frequency?
By attaching the appropriate transducer to the ultrasound unit
What are two benefits of a low-frequency imaging transducer?
Excellent depth penetration, ideal for adult patients
What do we mean when we are talking about resolution?
Clarity, precision
What is the trade-off with the low frequency transducer?
Decreased resolution