Ultrasound

Question 1

what does bone look like on USS

Answer 1

hyperechoic periosteum with acoustic shadow below

Question 2

what are the flow colours in a doppler USS

Answer 2

red =towards

blue= away

Question 3

what does an artery look like on USS

Answer 3

anechoic, pulsatile, usually round

Question 4

what does a vein look like on USS

Answer 4

anechoic, non pulsatile, compressible

Question 5

what does a nerve look like on USS

Answer 5

circular or oval
hyperechoic outline
speckled interior
more superficial nerves are more hypoechoic as they contain less connective tissue

Question 6

how do you tell a tendon from a nerve

Answer 6

if you follow a tendon it will blend into muscle proximally and become more prominent distally
nerve will stay round/oval shaped

Question 7

what does a muscle look like on USS

Answer 7

hypoechoic mass
visible striae
hypereochoic fascia

Question 8

what is acoustic shadowing

Answer 8

when acoustically opaque structure (bone, calcified vessels) is in the line of the US beam, a dark shadow will appear behind/ deep to it

Question 9

what is post cystic enhancement

Answer 9

inappropriately bright area behind/ deep to a fluid filled structure (blood vessel/ cyst)

Question 10

what is reverberation

Answer 10

occurs when there is a strongly reflecting interface close to and parallel to the transducer, often a needle, vessel wall or muscle fascia