Trauma Imaging Flashcards
when can you treat a pneumothorax conservatively
when air space is less than 2 cm
how can you tell a pnuemonia
as will be less white than pleural effusion
has branching white lines- air bronchograms
what is the main indication for an abdominal x ray
obstruction
how can you tell if a small bowel is obstructed
if it is wider than 2cm
what can be seen in a pneumoperitoneum on abdo x ray
pockets of gas
double wall sign bowel
what is a torus fracture
when periosteum remains intact (happens in children)
what is a greenstick fracture
when only one side is broken (happens in children)
what is an avulsion fracture
fracture where ligament/ tendon attaches
happens commonly in ankle/ knee
what is the treatment for a # at the anatomical neck of the humerus
replacement of the humeral head
what is the treatment for a # at the surgical neck of the humerus
collar and cuff
what fat pad is normal in the elbow
anterior
what fat pads suggest a radial head fracture/ a supracondylar fracture
enlarged anterior fat pad (anterior sail sign)
presence of any posterior fat pad
what are the features of a colles fracture
common in elderly FOOSH dorsal angulation distal radius # extra articular ulnar styloid can be avulsed dinner fork deformity
what are the features of a smiths fracture
of distal radius
volar angulation
shortening of bones
need manipulation
what is the blood supply to the scaphoid
palmar and carpal branches of the radial artery
what is the risk in scaphoid #
AVN
what are the types of NOF #
intracapsular (within joint capsule)
extracapulsar (intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric)
which type of NOF # is at risk of AVN
intracapsular
what is the treatment for a intracapsular NOF #
femoral head replacement (hemiarthroplasty)
what is the blood supply to the head of femur
femoral artery -> medial and lateral circumflex arteries
what is the treatment for an extracapsular NOF #
dynamic hip screw
what is seen in a trimalleolar #
# of distal fibula, medial and lateral malleoli of tibia tibio-talar joint dislocation
what GCS do you usually intubate someone
8
which investigation should you do first in trauma
always follow ABCDE
e.g. if breathless do a CXR to look for pneumothorax ect
is low BP an early or late sign of haemorrhage
late, tachycardia early
what is the treatment for a splenic laceration
Splenectomy (loose immune function so need lifelong penicillin, done only in grade 5 injury- involve the hilum of the spleen), splenic artery embolisation, conservative Tx (bed rest)
what is the blood supply to the spleen
coeliac trunk- splenic artery (dual supply)
what are the branches of the coeliac trunk
common hepatic
left gastric
splenic artery
why might a vertebral wedge # look extra white
has been compressed
