Ultrasound

Question 1

advantages

Answer 1

Visualization of anatomy
Better guidance for needle pathway to target (+ avoiding structures damaged by needle)
Real time U/S imaging permits continual visualization of LA delivery (ensure proper distribution)

Question 2

U/S image modes

Answer 2

A mode

B mode

Question 3

Mode - older technique, 1dimensional, N/A for regional anesthesia

Answer 3

A mode

Question 4

2 dimensional scanned by linear array of 100-300 piezoelectric elements
Cross section image
Primary mode used for regional anesthesia

Answer 4

B mode

Question 5

generation of electric charge in response to mechanical force applied

Answer 5

Piezoelectric

Question 6

common errors of U/S

Answer 6

Probe fatigue
Reversing probe orientation
Inadequate equipment preparation

Question 7

Optimization of image

Answer 7

PART

Question 8

PART

Answer 8

Pressure
Alignment
Rotation
Tilting

Question 9

What does Pressure do?

Answer 9

minimize distance to target

compress underlying SubQ adipose tissues

Question 10

What does Alignment allow for?

Answer 10

placing transducer in position over extremity at which underling nerve is expected to be in field of view

Question 11

What does Rotating do?

Answer 11

Fine tuning the view

Question 12

What does Tilting?

Answer 12

helps bring face of probe into a perpendicular arrangement with underlying target to maximize # of returning echoes → providing best image