Ultrasound

Question 1

what are the indications for ultrasound?

Answer 1

enhanced tendon, ligament, and muscle healing
increase blood flow
increase cell metabolism
increase collagen synthesis
increase extensibility of collagen fibers of tendons and joint capsules
decrease joint stiffness
decreased muscle spasm

Question 2

what are the contraindications for ultrasound?

Answer 2

eye
gonads
hemorrahge 
infection 
ischemia
thrombus
malignancy
near or over electronic implants
plastic and cemented implants
pelvic, abdomen, lumbar area of preganancy
unknown etiology

Question 3

what are the precautions of ultrasound?

Answer 3

• avoid bony prominences or use smaller sound head, indirect technique
• epiphyseal plate as it may alter bone growth

Question 4

What is the treatment size and intensity of direct ultrasound both duty cycles?

Answer 4

2-3x size or ERA, move in slow circles

0.5-2.5 w/cm2

Question 5

What is the clinical goal of direct ultrasound 50% duty cycle?

Answer 5

Increase healing

Question 6

What is the clinical goal of direct ultrasound 100% duty cycle?

Answer 6

Decrease chronic pain, or muscle spasm

Question 7

What is the frequency for both direct and underwater ultrasound?

Answer 7

1 MHZ (deep)
3 MHZ (superficial)

Question 8

What is the treatment size and intensity of underwater ultrasound?

Answer 8

When the head won’t contact the skin flat

0.5-2.5 w/cm

Question 9

What is the duty cycle for underwater ultrasound?

Answer 9

50% (no heat) or 100% (heat)

Question 10

What is the treatment size of combination ultrasound & premodulated interferential?

Answer 10

2-3x size of ERA, move in slow circles

Question 11

What is the clinical goal of combination ultrasound?

Answer 11

Chronic tendinosis, trigger points, acute or chronic pain

Question 12

What is the intensity of combination ultrasound& premodulated interferential?

Answer 12

0.5-2.5 w/cm2

Premodulated set to patient comfort

Question 13

What is the treatment time for all ultrasound?

Answer 13

5-10 minutes