ultradian rhythms

Question 1

name one type of ultradian rhythm

Answer 1

breathing rate
heart rate
sleep cycle

Question 2

how many stages of sleep are there in the sleep cycle

Answer 2

5 stages of sleep

Question 3

how l;ong does each stage in the sleep cycle last

Answer 3

90 minutes and repeat throughout the night

Question 4

how is each stage of the sleep cycle characterised

Answer 4

different levels of brain wave activity recorded by an EEG machine

Question 5

describe stages 1 and 2 of the sleep cycle

Answer 5

light sleep, person is woken easily

brain produces alpha waves with a high frequency and short amplitude

stage 2 is the same but with random changes in pattern (sleep spindles)

Question 6

give 2 characteristics of alpha waves

Answer 6

• high frequency
• short amplitude

Question 7

define sleep spindle

Answer 7

random changes in patterns

Question 8

describe stages 3 and 4 of the sleep cycle

Answer 8

delta waves present with larger amplitude and lower frequency

deep sleep and hard to wake from

Question 9

give 2 characteristics of delta waves

Answer 9

• larger amplitude
• lower frequency

Question 10

describe stage 5 of the sleep cycle

Answer 10

REM (Rapid Eye Movement)

body is paralysed
brain activity speeds up
brain produces theta waves
dreams are most often experienced in REM sleep but may also occur in deep sleep

Question 11

what does REM stand for

Answer 11

Rapid Eye Movement

Question 12

in adults what percentage of your sleep is deep sleep

Answer 12

13-23%

Question 13

as you get older do you require more or less deep sleep

Answer 13

as you get older you require less deep sleep

Question 14

during deep sleep what 6 things take place

Answer 14

• memories are consolidated
• learning and emotional process
• physical recovery occurs
• blood sugar levels and metabolisms balance out
• the immune system is energized
• the brain detoxifies

Question 15

why does sleep deprivation occur

Answer 15

when there is a lack of these 6 things during deep sleep (- memories are consolidated
- learning and emotional process
- physical recovery occurs
- blood sugar levels and metabolisms balance out
- the immune system is energized
- the brain detoxifies)

Question 16

what percentage of an adult’s sleep should be REM sleep

Answer 16

20-25 percent

Question 17

how much sleep do babies need

Answer 17

16 (out of 24 hours)

Question 18

what percentage of a babies sleep is in their REM stage

Answer 18

50%

Question 19

how much sleep in hours do toddlers need

Answer 19

11-14 hours

Question 20

how much sleep in hours do pre-schoolers need

Answer 20

10-13 hours

Question 21

how much sleep in hours do school aged children need

Answer 21

9-12 hours

Question 22

how much sleep in hours do teenagers need

Answer 22

8-10 hours

Question 23

define validity

Answer 23

the extent to which a test is measuring what it claims to

Question 24

define highly correlated

Answer 24

when 2 or more variables have a strong relationship

Question 25

define replicability

Answer 25

a study should produce the same results if repeated exactly either by same researcher or another

Question 26

define placebo effect

Answer 26

an improvement of symptoms observed despite receiving the non active treatment

Question 27

evaluate studies conducted in a sleep laboratory

Answer 27

+ replication
+ quantitative data
+ high control of extraneous variables
+ removes effect of noise and temperature
- complicated machinery
(less sleep)
- artificial situation
- small sample size
- EEG doesn’t explain why electrical activity is taking place