UL2 Joints Of The Upper Limb

Question 1

Acromiovascular joint (AC)
Type
Ligaments that hold the joint together

Answer 1

Synovial plane joint

Coroclavicular and acromioclavicuar ligaments hold the bones of the AC joint together.

Question 2

Dislocated AC joint clinical relavence

Answer 2

Separated shoulder
Usually from a fall on the shoulderAC ligaments and the coracoclavicular ligaments torn
Clavicle elevated and scapula falls away from the weight of the limb

Question 3

Characteristics of the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 3

1. Clavicle elevated due to the upward pull of the trapezius

2. Shoulder droops from the weight of the upper limb

Question 4

Glenohueral joint
Type
Components

Answer 4

Multiaxial ball and socket joint 
Coracohumeral lligament
Joint capsule
Superior, medial, and inferior glenohummeral ligaments
Long head of the biceps brachii

Question 5

Subscapularis bursa

Answer 5

Outpocketing of synovial embrace lining the joint capsule and it reduces the friction of overlying subscapularis muscle

Question 6

What are the two openings in the capsule of the glenohummeral joint

Answer 6

Opening for the subscapular bursa

Opening for the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii

Question 7

Rotator cuff

Definition and composition

Answer 7

Reinforces the capsule of the shoulder joint on the anterior posterior and superior sides

Composition:
Acromion precess, coracoid process, supraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor.

Question 8

Dislocation of the glenohumeral joint

Characteristics

Answer 8

Head of the humerous driven inferiorly through weakness of the joint capsule (lack of rotator cuff)
Axillary nerve can be damaged
Joint rotates laterally and is positioned superiorly

Question 9

Elbow joint
Joint type
And bone articulations

Answer 9

Synovial hinge joint
CapitulUm articulates with the radiUs
TrochleA articulates with the ulnA

Question 10

Ligaments of the elbow joint

Answer 10

Joint capsule is weak anteriorly and posteriorly to allow flexion and extension
Ulnar collateral ligament strengthens the joint medially
Radial collateral ligament strengthen the joint laterally

Question 11

Posterior dislocation of the elbow joint:

Answer 11

Fall on outstretched hands

1. Humerous driven through the weak anterior capsule of the joint
2. Ulna and radius are driven posteriorly
3. Posterior driven ulna may damage the ulnar nerve

Question 12

Proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 12

1. Pivot joint for radial notch of ulna
2. Between head of radius and radial notch of the ulna
3. Annular ligament holds the head of the radius in joint

Question 13

Dislocation of the proximal radioulnar joint (pulled elbow)

Answer 13

Force causes the radial head to subluxate from annular joint

Lump caused by displaced head of radius

Muscle pulls radial head superiorly

Question 14

Middle radioulnar joint

Characteristics

Answer 14

It is a syndemosis formed by the interosseus membrane

Question 15

What is the function of the interosseus membrane

Answer 15

Dissipates force away from the small head of the radius to the ulna. Prevents fracture of the head of the radius

Question 16

Distal radioulnar and radiocarpal joint

Answer 16

Above joint radius and articulates disc

Below joint scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum

Participates in flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

Question 17

Colles fracture from foosh

“Dinner fork deformity”

Answer 17

Results from fall on outstretched extended hand

Dorsal and proximal displacement of distal fragment of the distal radius
(Lateral)

Dorsal view shows radial deviation of hand with ulnar prominence of styloid process of the ulna
(Dorsal)

Question 18

MCP joint

Characteristics

Answer 18

1. Synovial condyle id type joint
2. Participates in flexion-extension/add-abduction
3. Collateral ligaments at sides of joints stabilize the sides
4. Annular ligament attaches metacarpal to proximal phalanx at the MCP joint and phalanx to phalanx at PIP and DIP interphalangeal joints
5. Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments hold heads of metacarpals together

Question 19

IP joints

type and characteristics

Answer 19

Synovial hinge joints
Participate in flexion-extension
Annular and collateral ligaments