UKs physical landscapes

Question 1

Solution

Answer 1

Soluble materials are dissolved in the water and transported

Question 2

Happisburgh case study

Answer 2

frequented coastal erosion
groynes, rock armour, beach nourishment
left to its own devices

Question 3

Boscastle, Cornnwall case study

Answer 3

drainage basin made of impermeable rock
£10 million flood defences
widened the river
tree management
August 2004

Question 4

Suspension

Answer 4

Tiny particles like clay are picked up and carried downstream by force of the water

Question 5

Ox-bow lakes

Answer 5

erosion narrows neck of meander eventually cutting it off
often when flooded river will cut through the neck

Question 6

Flood plains

Answer 6

low-lying
lower course
area of flat land alongside a river
used for overspill of the river floods

Question 7

Saltation

Answer 7

particles are smaller therefore bounced along river bed

Question 8

Devon case study

Answer 8

met office moved to Devon
lower cost
close to london
increased population in Devon
pressure on housing

Question 9

Traction

Answer 9

large particles like boulders pushed, rolled along river bed by force of water

Question 10

Meanders

Answer 10

river erodes laterally
forms large bends
slower flow creates deposition on side
faster flow erodes other side creating bends

Question 11

Discharge

Answer 11

volume if water which flows through river

Question 12

Longshore drift

Answer 12

happens when waves break at an angle to the coast
transports sediments

Question 13

Constructive waves

Answer 13

low energy waves
weak backwash
strong swash
results in buildup of material on shore

Question 14

Destructive waves

Answer 14

high downward force
strong backwash
large wave height
short wave length
weak swash

Question 15

Human activates that effect the coast

Answer 15

agriculture
housing
office development
industries
coastal management

Question 16

Harry’s rock formation

Answer 16

large crack - hydronic action
cave becomes larger
cave breaks through forming arch
arch collapses
stack
stump

Question 17

concordant

Answer 17

hard rock
soft rock
hard rock

Question 18

discordant

Answer 18

———hard rock
soft rock
———hard rock
soft rock

Question 19

types of coastal management

Answer 19

hard engineering
sea wall
rock armour
groynes
soft engineering
beach nourishment
planting vegetation

Question 20

rock types

Answer 20

igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

Question 21

description of igneous rock

Answer 21

formed when molten rock from mantle cools down and hardens (granite)

Question 22

description of sedimentary rock

Answer 22

formed when layers of sediment are compacted together until they become solid rock (limestone,clays)

Question 23

description of metamorphic rock

Answer 23

formed when other rocks are changed by heat and pressure (slate)

Question 24

how have humans changed the landscape

Answer 24

agriculture - cleared forest for farming
forestry - management of woodland areas
settlement - land used for housing

Question 25

physical weathering

Answer 25

breakdown of rock from weather (wind, rain)

Question 26

chemical weathering

Answer 26

breakdown of rock by changing its chemical composition

Question 27

biological weathering

Answer 27

breakdown of rock by living things

Question 28

different types of mass movements

Answer 28

landslides slumps rockfalls

Question 29

types of erosion

Answer 29

hydraulic acid abrasion attrition