UKs Evolving Landscapes Flashcards

Question

What are the advantages and disadvantages of dune regeneration

Answer 1

Wave energy is absorbed It is cheap The protection is limited to a small area Can be damaged by storms or waves

Answer 2

Constructed out of natural material Have minimal minimal impact on natural systems Can be damaged by storms Needs maintenance

Answer 3

A concordant coastline has the same type of rock along its length

Answer 4

A discordant coastline has two types of rock soft and hard bays and headlands form here

Answer 5

1.For a cove to form hard and soft rock must alternate 2. The hard rock cliff may suddenly crack as erosion weakens a section of the cliffs 3. Overtime The hard-rock erodes to expose a less resistant rock behind it 4. The less resistant rock erodes much quicker so the Cove widens more in the soft rock band 5. Erosion continues to widen the Cove but cannot extend further inland due to another band of hard Rock 6. Finally waves defect as they passed to the Coves opening

Answer 6

A bay is it inlet of sea where The land curves inwards usually with a beach a headland is another piece of land that projects from a coastline into a sea

Answer 7

An emotional process in which the wave hits the cliff using shear force to erode it

Answer 8

Erosional processes in which pieces of sediment are thrown at a cliff By a wave

Answer 9

Wave action causes rocks and pebbles to hit each other wearing each other down to become around in smaller

Answer 10

Seawater in the rain water contain weak acids overtime rocks and cliffs are eroded by it

Answer 11

The cave wide and deep and due to both marine erosion and sub aerial processes and eventually a large hole will form through the other side of the headland this is known as an arch the arch continues to widen until it is unable to support itself the top falls due to its own weight through mass movement this leaves a stack as one side of the arch becomes detached from the mainland With marine erosion attacking the base of the stack eventually the stack will collapse into a stump

Answer 12

The wearing away and breaking up of a rock along the coast

Answer 13

Waves approach the coast at an angle Swash Carrys sediment up the beach at an angle Backwash carry sediment down the beach with gravity at a right angle to the sea This creates a zigzag movement of sediment along the beach

Answer 14

1. The sea attacks the base of the cliff between high and low tides 2. A wave cut not is formed by a erosional processes such as abrasion and hydraulic action 3. As the notch increases in size the cliff becomes unstable and collapses leading to the retreat of the cliff face 4.The backwash carries away eroded material, leaving a wave cut platform 5. The process repeats which makes the cliff continue to retreat

Answer 15

The processes of weathering and mass movement

Answer 16

These waves are are low in height and have limited energy They have a strong swash but weak backwash They tend to build the beaches by depositing sediments

Answer 17

These waves are high powerful waves Have a weeks wash but strong backwash They erode the coastline by removing material from beaches and cliffs

Answer 18

Waves are created by winds as they blow over the sea Shallow water near the coast causes friction with the seabed The top of the water is travelling faster so it starts to tip forward The wave then topples forward or breaks

Answer 19

Chemicals are dissolved into the sea water

Answer 20

Particles and smaller rocks are light enough to float within the waves

Answer 21

Large rocks rolled along the seabed

Answer 22

Pebbles or small rocks that are too heavy to be suspended bounce along the seabed

Answer 23

Spits are formed due to deposition Longshore drift occurs along the coastline but as the wave lose energy the deposit the sediment Normally due to going into a sheltered area such as behind the headland or a mouth/estuary The deposit of sediment overtime this creates a spit

Answer 24

Occur on sloped cliffs when the rock becomes exposed to mechanical weathering often Freeze thaw which causes rocks to roll down a cliff

Answer 25

Water between sheets of rock and the rock face reduces friction and allows large chunk of rock to slide down the cliff

Answer 26

Saturated soil flows down the face of a hill like a fluid bulging at the bottom in a lobe

Answer 27

Also known as slumps, soil and rock fragments become saturated with water however instead of sprawling down the hill like a mudflow chunks of rock and soil slip creating stepped heads down the cliff face

Answer 28

A dent in the cliff usually at he level of high tide

Answer 29

The upper course as many tributaries which are narrow and. V-shaped Each tributary doesn’t carry a lot of water but combined the tributaries all fill up the river channel further down The sides of the tributaries tend to be like a valley With a large gradient either side so water run into the tributary

Answer 30

The tributaries merge together to form a channel, which is rounder in shape and deeper, to adjust to the increase in water The more water that passes by, the larger the energy of the water of the water which leads to more erosion to take place to widen the channel The area around the river channel isflat and low-lying,which is the floodplain if the river needs to flood.

Answer 31

The lower course Carries the largest volume of water it is in a very wide and very deep channel There are ridges either side of the river banks called levees this size of the valley has increased so it is even wider and flatter than the middle course

Answer 32

Interlocking spurs are found in the upper course of the river where the water doesn’t have a lot of energy so it isn't very powerful the low energy means the water isn’t strong enough to erode resistant rocks, instead the river rerouting curls around them

Answer 33

The lower course carries the largest volume of water in a very wide and very deep channel. There are ridges either side of the river banks called leeves

Answer 34

Chemicals dissolved in the river water

Answer 35

Particles and small rocks are light enough to float within water

Answer 36

Pebbles and small rocks are to heavy to be suspended , bounce along the river channel

Answer 37

Large rocks are rolled along the river bed

Answer 38

Deposition is the dropping of the rivers load when the water in a river decreases in speed If the River Travels slower, the water has less energy and can carry less material

Answer 39

Waterfalls Interlocking spurs V shaped valley

Answer 40

Gorges Meanders

Answer 41

Flood plains Ox bow lake River estuary

Answer 42

In an area where a river flows over an area of hard rock and soft rock, the soft rock erodes more quickly. The soft rock erodes away from the hard rock over time creating a step The soft rock continues to erode undercutting the hard rock The hard rock is left suspended in the air as an overhang Due to the force of gravity the unsupported overhang collapses on the broken up rocks fall into the plunge pool which acts as tools for erosion and further deep into the plunge pool Erosion continues to undercut underneath the hard rock creating overhang again further upstream The continual process of the overhang collapsing causes the waterfall to retreat upstream

Answer 43

Gorgeous form from water falls as the waterfall retreats upstream it leaves behind A steep valley carved into the rock with a river running along the base

Answer 44

Water travels faster on the outside of the bend which means lateral erosion On the opposite side the water travels slowly and changes direction sharply until the water loses energy and deposit sediment

Answer 45

-Waterfalls -Interlocking spurs -V shaped valley

Answer 46

-Gorges -Meanders

Answer 47

-Flood plains -Ox bow lake -River estuary