UKs Evolving Human Landscapes Flashcards
What does suburbanisation mean?
The growth of a city into the surrounding countryside
What does deindustrialisation mean?
a decline in the importance of industrial activity for a place.
Give reason why deindustrialisation has taken place in some UK cities.
Cheaper labour in other countries/ production / land costs abroad
Explain two reasons why urbanisation occurs at different rates around the world.
Some places have more rural to urban migration than others example of push / pull factor
Developing countries are experiencing high rates of
urbanisation due to
falling death rates because of improvements in health care /
education / sanitation .
How can you tell if an area is a CBD
Lots of shoppers
Cafes
large businesses
What are the impacts of Globalisation?
Increases connections between countries
free trade
FDIs
TNC
Urban core characteristics
high population density, economically active/young age single people, economic activities
Rural periphery characteristics
low population density, ageing population, economic activities like primary industry (
What does studentification mean
the process by which specific neighbourhoods become dominated by student residential occupation.
What does emigrating mean?
When you leave your own country to live in another country.
What does immigrating mean?
When you move to another country.
What does Migrating mean?
When people move from one place to another usually for work purposes , healthcare or education.
What does net migration mean?
The difference between emigrants and immigrants
What does privitisation mean
The sale of state owned assists to the private sector
What are the impacts of TNCs advantages and disadvantages
+
Creates jobs
Pay tax to the government
~
Emits harmful chemicals
Working conditions may be harsh
What are the low population characteristics?
Large portion of population over 50
smaller number of families
Those who aren’t retired tend to work in agriculture and tourism
What are high population characteristics?
Most of the urban population are working age (20-40 years old)
Many families live just on the periphery of the city centre.
Why has there been such a large increase in inward international migration to the UK, since WWII?
Political alliances
Employment opportunities
The cost of long-distance travel
What are the advantages of Multi cultural cities?
Skilled migrants can fill gaps in the economy and services so everyone can have access to doctors and dentists
Multicultural events such as Chinese new years bring revenue from tourists
New foods are introduced which makes the restaurant market more diverse
What are the disadvantages of Multi cultural cities?
Some people worry more people means less jobs and higher unemployment
some ethnic groups are targeted for attacks and hate crime
In some cities ethnic groups remain isolated
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the primary sector?
+
Little training is required
low cost, no bank loans required
~
tend to have high labour leads to shorter life expectancy
unreliable pay, with little job security and no paid time off
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the secondary sector?
+
provide a reliable income throughout the year
little training required
~
boring and repetitive work
Some factories exploit workers: giving them long shifts, exposing them to dangerous chemicals, limiting toilet breaks.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the tertiary sector?
+
reliable jobs
good salaries as employees are well trained
~
Tertiary services provided by the government are under increasing pressure, as funding is being cut in schools and hospitals.
Tertiary services rely on goods and resources to provide their service - such as bandages in the hospital
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the quaternary sector?
+
highest earning wages.
large demand for quaternary workers
~
office based which can lead to high stress
There are a few health problems that can develop from office work - poor eyesight, back and posture problems, overweight from limited exercise.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of privitisation?
+
The government can focus on other responsibilities, such as improving poverty and international politics.
Since the company will make a profit, it is able to afford to reinvest and continually improve the service.
~
Some people feel it is unethical to make a profit out of a service that is essential
Often services don’t improve after privatisation.
What is privitisation?
When the government give essential companies such as water, electricity and garbage disposal to private companies to save government funds and time
Which companies in the UK are privitised?
Railways
Rubbish
Water
electricity