UKs Evolving Human Landscapes Flashcards

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1
Q

What does suburbanisation mean?

A

The growth of a city into the surrounding countryside

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2
Q

What does deindustrialisation mean?

A

a decline in the importance of industrial activity for a place.

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3
Q

Give reason why deindustrialisation has taken place in some UK cities.

A

Cheaper labour in other countries/ production / land costs abroad

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4
Q

Explain two reasons why urbanisation occurs at different rates around the world.

A

Some places have more rural to urban migration than others example of push / pull factor
Developing countries are experiencing high rates of

urbanisation due to
falling death rates because of improvements in health care /
education / sanitation .

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5
Q

How can you tell if an area is a CBD

A

Lots of shoppers
Cafes
large businesses

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6
Q

What are the impacts of Globalisation?

A

Increases connections between countries
free trade
FDIs
TNC

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7
Q

Urban core characteristics

A

high population density, economically active/young age single people, economic activities

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8
Q

Rural periphery characteristics

A

low population density, ageing population, economic activities like primary industry (

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9
Q

What does studentification mean

A

the process by which specific neighbourhoods become dominated by student residential occupation.

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10
Q

What does emigrating mean?

A

When you leave your own country to live in another country.

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11
Q

What does immigrating mean?

A

When you move to another country.

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12
Q

What does Migrating mean?

A

When people move from one place to another usually for work purposes , healthcare or education.

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13
Q

What does net migration mean?

A

The difference between emigrants and immigrants

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14
Q

What does privitisation mean

A

The sale of state owned assists to the private sector

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15
Q

What are the impacts of TNCs advantages and disadvantages

A

+
Creates jobs
Pay tax to the government
~
Emits harmful chemicals
Working conditions may be harsh

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16
Q

What are the low population characteristics?

A

Large portion of population over 50
smaller number of families
Those who aren’t retired tend to work in agriculture and tourism

17
Q

What are high population characteristics?

A

Most of the urban population are working age (​20-40 years old​)
Many ​families​ live just on the periphery​ of the city centre.

18
Q

Why has there been such a large ​increase​ in ​inward international migration​ to the UK, since WWII?

A

Political alliances
Employment opportunities
The cost of ​long-distance travel

19
Q

What are the advantages of Multi cultural cities?

A

Skilled migrants can fill gaps in the economy and services so everyone can have access to doctors and dentists
Multicultural events such as Chinese new years bring revenue from tourists
New foods are introduced which makes the restaurant market more diverse

20
Q

What are the disadvantages of Multi cultural cities?

A

Some people worry more people means less jobs and higher unemployment
some ethnic groups are targeted for attacks and hate crime
In some cities ethnic groups remain isolated

21
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the primary sector?

A

+
Little training is required
low cost, no bank loans required
~
tend to have high labour leads to shorter life expectancy
unreliable pay, with little job security and no paid time off

22
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the secondary sector?

A

+
provide a ​reliable income​ throughout the year
little training required
~
​boring​ and ​repetitive​ work
Some factories ​exploit workers​: giving them long shifts, exposing them to dangerous chemicals, limiting toilet breaks.

23
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the tertiary sector?

A

+
reliable jobs
good salaries​ as employees are ​well trained​
~
Tertiary services provided by the government are under ​increasing pressure​, as funding is being cut in schools and hospitals.
Tertiary services ​rely on goods​ and resources to provide their service - such as bandages in the hospital

24
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the quaternary sector?

A

+
highest earning​ wages.
​large demand​ for quaternary workers
~
office based​ which can lead to ​high stress
There are a few ​health problems​ that can develop from office work - poor eyesight, back and posture problems, overweight from limited exercise.

25
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of privitisation?

A

+
The government can focus on ​other responsibilities​, such as improving poverty and international politics.
Since the company will make a profit, it is able to afford to ​reinvest​ and continually improve​ the service.
~
Some people feel it is ​unethical​ to make a profit out of a service that is essential
Often services don’t improve after privatisation.

26
Q

What is privitisation?

A

When the government give essential companies such as water, electricity and garbage disposal to private companies to save government funds and time

27
Q

Which companies in the UK are privitised?

A

Railways
Rubbish
Water
electricity