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Geography > development dynamics > Flashcards

development dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the economic indicators

A

GDP
GDP per capita
Poverty line
Economic inequality

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2
Q

what is the poverty line?

A

The minimum level of income to meet the person’s basic needs.

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3
Q

what does GDP per capita mean?

A

A measure of wealth through mean income throughout the population

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4
Q

What does infant mortality mean?

A

The number of babies, per 1000 births who die before the age of 1

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5
Q

name the Environmental Indicators of global warming?

A

Pollution Levels​
green Space​ ( amount of nature in a country

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6
Q

Rostow’s Modernisation Theory​ in order

A

Traditional society
pre conditions for take-off
take off
drive to maturity
high mass consumption

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7
Q

what are some Social Causes of Inequality

A

Education
healthcare

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8
Q

State three feature of colonialism

A

expansion of one country into another
slave trade
exploitation of local resources

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9
Q

name some Political Causes of Inequality

A

International Relations
Corruption

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10
Q

what are Top-Down Projects

A

projects that tend to be large scale expensive constructions that try to improve a fundamental need

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11
Q

what are positives and negatives of Top-Down projects

A

Locals have little voice
benefits a large community
many jobs are created

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12
Q

what are Bottom-Up projects

A

These projects tend to be ​smaller projects​, focused at helping small ​families​ and communities rather than a region or country. Bottom-up projects are organised by ​non-government organisations​

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13
Q

what are the positives and negatives of Bottom-Up projects

A

very little budget
little training or planning
cheap and tend to focus on the poorest families

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14
Q

What does GDP mean?

A

The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year

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15
Q

What does life expectancy mean?

A

The average age to which a person lives to.

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16
Q

What does the Dependency Ratio mean?

A

The proportion of people who are too young and too old to work

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17
Q

What does Literacy rate mean?

A

The percentage of adults who can read and write.

18
Q

What does maternal mortality rate mean?

A

The number of mothers per 100,000 who die in child birth

19
Q

Name 3 factors which affect the Human development index

A

Life expectancy
Literacy rate
GDP per capita

20
Q

What is a population Pyramid and what does it show?

A

They show the structure of a country’s population in terms of gender and age
Wide bases mean high fertility rates, which usually also means low life expectancy. etc

21
Q

Name 3 causes of global inequalities.

A

Physical environment
Colonialism
Political and economic policies

22
Q

Why is the physical environment important to a country’s development (two reasons)?

A

Access to a sea is an important influence. If a country is landlock, this limits trades.
Climate is also influential, Tropical countries have developed more slowly than coastal nations because they experience more climate related diseases.

23
Q

Why is the colonialism important to a country’s development?

A

Country’s may invade and exploit other countries for their resources and economic gain.

24
Q

What does neo-colonialism mean?

A

Neo-colonialism is used to describe how rich countries can still dominate poorer countries.

25
Q

Why is the economic and political policies important to a country’s development?

A

Open economies, encourage trade allowing the country to develop much faster than other countries
Political mismanagement and corruption can slow or reverse development.

26
Q

What are the 5 Stages of Rowstow’s theory

A

Traditional society
Pre-conditions for take-off
Take-off
Drive to maturity
Age of high mass consumption

27
Q

Explain the Traditional society stage in Rowtow’s theory.

A

Most people work in agriculture but produce very little excess items to sell.

28
Q

Explain the Pre-conditions for take-off stage in Rowstow’s theory

A

There’s a shift from farming to manufacturing. Trade increases profit, which are invested into new industries and infrastructure.

29
Q

Explain the Take off stage in Rowstow’s theory

A

Growth is rapid. Investment and technology create new manufacturing industries. However the take-off requires profit earned form overseas trade.

30
Q

Explain the Drive to maturity stage in Rowstow’s theory.

A

a period of growth technology is used throughout the economy. Industries produce consumer goods.

31
Q

Explain the High mass consumption stage in Rowstow’s theory.

A

A period of comfort. Consumers enjoy a wide range of goods. Society choose how to spend there wealth, either on military strength on education welfare, or on luxuries for the wealthy.

32
Q

Explain the Frank dependency theory.

A

Franks dependency theory believed that development was about two types of region- core and periphery. The Core represented developed countries and the periphery consists of other areas which produce raw materials to sell to the core.

Raw materials with low value are traded between the periphery and the core. The core becomes wealthy by processing these into higher-value products.

33
Q

Describe the location of India.

A

India is located in Asia. Its neighbors are China, Nepal and Pakistan. It also has a 3.3 million sq km border with the Arabian sea .

34
Q

Describe the environment in India.

A

India has a rich biodiversity, India is home to 6% of the Worlds plants and animals
Worst environmental problems, with land, air and water pollution. India is the worlds third greatest emitter of green house gas.

35
Q

What are the social indicators?

A

Life expectancy
Literacy rate
Infant mortality rate

36
Q

What are the Environmental indicators?

A

Pollution levels
Green space

37
Q

What are the social causes of Inequality.

A

Education - builds the economy and decreases poverty
Health-Makes the country vulnerable to diseases and health issues

38
Q

What are the social factors of India?(case study)

A

-Second largest population 1.4 billion
-around 70% of India’s population is literate

39
Q

What are the political factors of India? (case study)

A

Largest number of voters in the world around 70% voted.

40
Q

What are the economic factors of India? (case study)

A

Fifth largest economy
2% of exports in the world

41
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of TNCs?

A

+
Provides jobs to people without a degree
~
Low wages
Long working hours

42
Q

Explain the advantages of using intermediate technology

A

● Intermediate technology makes use of local materials which are cheap and easily
available
● Intermediate technology involves low-tech solutions to help local people which can
easily be repaired should they break down.

Geography (10 decks)

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